Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/daudijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *daudaz (“dead”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdɑu̯.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*daudijaną

(transitive) to make dead, kill

Inflection

Conjugation of *daudijaną (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*daudijō	*daudijaų	—	*daudijai	?
2nd singular	*daudīsi	*daudijais	*daudī	*daudijasai	*daudijaisau
3rd singular	*daudīþi	*daudijai	*daudijaþau	*daudijaþai	*daudijaiþau
1st dual	*daudijōs	*daudijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*daudijaþiz	*daudijaiþiz	*daudijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*daudijamaz	*daudijaim	—	*daudijanþai	*daudijainþau
2nd plural	*daudīþ	*daudijaiþ	*daudīþ	*daudijanþai	*daudijainþau
3rd plural	*daudijanþi	*daudijain	*daudijanþau	*daudijanþai	*daudijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*daudidǭ	*daudidēdį̄
2nd singular	*daudidēz	*daudidēdīz
3rd singular	*daudidē	*daudidēdī
1st dual	*daudidēdū	*daudidēdīw
2nd dual	*daudidēdudiz	*daudidēdīdiz
1st plural	*daudidēdum	*daudidēdīm
2nd plural	*daudidēdud	*daudidēdīd
3rd plural	*daudidēdun	*daudidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*daudijandz	*daudidaz

Alternative forms

*dauþijaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *daudijan, *dauþijan
- Old English: dīedan, dȳdan
  - Middle English: deden, deaden
- Old Frisian: dēda
- Old Saxon: *dōdian (attested in bidōdian)
  - Middle Low German: dö̂den
- Old Dutch: *dōden, *dōthen
  - Middle Dutch: dôden
    - Dutch: doden
      - Afrikaans: dood
      - Negerhollands: dood
    - Limburgish: doeaje
- Old High German: *tōten, tōden, (Central German) dōten, *dōden
  - Middle High German: tœten, tœden
    - Alemannic German: tööde, töde
    - Cimbrian: töatan
    - German: töten
Old Norse: deyða
- Icelandic: deyða
- Faroese: doyða
- Norwegian Nynorsk: døyda
- Old Swedish: dødha
  - Swedish: döda
- Old Danish: døthæ
  - Danish: døde (dated)
  - → Norwegian Bokmål: døde (archaic)
Gothic: 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (dauþjan)

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*đauđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 69
^ Nynorskordboka
^ ODS
^ NAOB

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*đauđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 69

[2] Nynorskordboka

[3] ODS

[NAOB-4] NAOB