Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dingwaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From pre-Germanic *dʰengʷʰ-, probably of onomatopoeic origin.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdiŋʷ.ɡʷɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*dingwaną

to beat

Inflection

Conjugation of *dingwaną (strong class 3)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*dingwō	*dingwaų	—	*dingwai	?
2nd singular	*dingwizi	*dingwaiz	*dingw	*dingwazai	*dingwaizau
3rd singular	*dingwidi	*dingwai	*dingwadau	*dingwadai	*dingwaidau
1st dual	*dingwōz	*dingwaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*dingwadiz	*dingwaidiz	*dingwadiz	—	—
1st plural	*dingwamaz	*dingwaim	—	*dingwandai	*dingwaindau
2nd plural	*dingwid	*dingwaid	*dingwid	*dingwandai	*dingwaindau
3rd plural	*dingwandi	*dingwain	*dingwandau	*dingwandai	*dingwaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*dangw	*dungį̄
2nd singular	*danht	*dungīz
3rd singular	*dangw	*dungī
1st dual	*dungū	*dungīw
2nd dual	*dungudiz	*dungīdiz
1st plural	*dungum	*dungīm
2nd plural	*dungud	*dungīd
3rd plural	*dungun	*dungīn

	present	past
participles	*dingwandz	*dunganaz

Derived terms

Descendants

Old English: *dingan
- Middle English: dingen
  - English: ding
Old Swedish: diunga

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*dingwan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 96
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*denʒwanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 70

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*dingwan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 96

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*denʒwanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 70