Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flatjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *flataz (“flat”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸlɑt.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*flatjaną^[1]

to flatten, make flat

Inflection

Conjugation of *flatjaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*flatjō	*flatjaų	—	*flatjai	?
2nd singular	*flatisi	*flatjais	*flati	*flatjasai	*flatjaisau
3rd singular	*flatiþi	*flatjai	*flatjaþau	*flatjaþai	*flatjaiþau
1st dual	*flatjōs	*flatjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*flatjaþiz	*flatjaiþiz	*flatjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*flatjamaz	*flatjaim	—	*flatjanþai	*flatjainþau
2nd plural	*flatiþ	*flatjaiþ	*flatiþ	*flatjanþai	*flatjainþau
3rd plural	*flatjanþi	*flatjain	*flatjanþau	*flatjanþai	*flatjainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*flatidǭ	*flatidēdį̄
2nd singular	*flatidēz	*flatidēdīz
3rd singular	*flatidē	*flatidēdī
1st dual	*flatidēdū	*flatidēdīw
2nd dual	*flatidēdudiz	*flatidēdīdiz
1st plural	*flatidēdum	*flatidēdīm
2nd plural	*flatidēdud	*flatidēdīd
3rd plural	*flatidēdun	*flatidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*flatjandz	*flatidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *flattjan
- → Old French: flatir
  - ⇒ Old French: flastrir
    - Middle French: flestrir
      - French: flétrir
  - → Middle English: flatten
    - English: flat
Old Norse: fletja
- Icelandic: fletja

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*flatjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 105

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*flatjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 105

[1]

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flatjaną

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