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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to shout”), possibly with contamination from a marginally attested iterative *gullōną, although Kroonen suggests the strong verb was back-formed to the iterative.
Pronunciation
Verb
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *gellō | *gellaų | — | *gellai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *gillizi | *gellaiz | *gell | *gellazai | *gellaizau | |
| 3rd singular | *gillidi | *gellai | *gelladau | *gelladai | *gellaidau | |
| 1st dual | *gellōz | *gellaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *gelladiz | *gellaidiz | *gelladiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *gellamaz | *gellaim | — | *gellandai | *gellaindau | |
| 2nd plural | *gillid | *gellaid | *gillid | *gellandai | *gellaindau | |
| 3rd plural | *gellandi | *gellain | *gellandau | *gellandai | *gellaindau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *gall | *gullį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *gallt | *gullīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *gall | *gullī | ||||
| 1st dual | *gullū | *gullīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *gulludiz | *gullīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *gullum | *gullīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *gullud | *gullīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *gullun | *gullīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *gellandz | *gullanaz | ||||
Related terms
Descendants
- Old English: ġiellan
- Old Saxon: *gellan
- Old Dutch: *gellan
- Old High German: gellan
- Old Norse: gella, gjalla