Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/guttōną

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 This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

An iterative verb closely related to the strong verb *geutaną, both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewd- (“to pour”). Kroonen however, reconstructs a pre-form Proto-Indo-European *gut-néh₂-ti, with an incorporated aorist -t ending in the root. He suggests that strong verb was backformed to the iterative.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɣut.tɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*guttōną

  1. to pour
  2. to spawn

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *gutt- against non-singular *gut-.

Conjugation of *guttōną (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *guttō *guttǭ — *guttōi ?
2nd singular *guttōsi *guttōs *guttō *guttōsai *guttōsau
3rd singular *guttōþi *guttō *guttōþau *guttōþai *guttōþau
1st dual *guttōs *guttōw — — —
2nd dual *guttōþiz *guttōþiz *guttōþiz — —
1st plural *guttōmaz *guttōm — *guttōnþai *guttōnþau
2nd plural *guttōþ *guttōþ *guttōþ *guttōnþai *guttōnþau
3rd plural *guttōnþi *guttōn *guttōnþau *guttōnþai *guttōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *guttōdǭ *guttōdēdį̄
2nd singular *guttōdēz *guttōdēdīz
3rd singular *guttōdē *guttōdēdī
1st dual *guttōdēdū *guttōdēdīw
2nd dual *guttōdēdudiz *guttōdēdīdiz
1st plural *guttōdēdum *guttōdēdīm
2nd plural *guttōdēdud *guttōdēdīd
3rd plural *guttōdēdun *guttōdēdīn
present past
participles *guttōndz *guttōdaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *guttōn, *gutōn
  • Old Norse: gota
    • Norwegian:
      Norwegian Bokmål: gåtte (dialectal)
      Norwegian Nynorsk: gote, gota

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gut(t)ōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 196
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