Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haifstiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱoyp-stis,^[1] from *ḱeyp- (“to ridicule, anger”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxɑi̯ɸ.stiz/

Noun

*haifstiz f

conflict, struggle

Inflection

i-stemDeclension of *haifstiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*haifstiz	*haifstīz
vocative	*haifsti	*haifstīz
accusative	*haifstį	*haifstinz
genitive	*haifstīz	*haifstijǫ̂
dative	*haifstī	*haifstimaz
instrumental	*haifstī	*haifstimiz

Related terms

*haifstijaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *haifsti
- Old English: hǣst, hǣste, hēst
  - Middle English: heste (hapax)
- Old Frisian: hāst
  - Saterland Frisian: Hoast
  - West Frisian: haest; haeste
- Old Saxon: heist
  - Middle Low German: heist
- Old Dutch: *hēst
- Old High German: heist, heisti, *heifti
  - Middle High German: heifte
- → Old French: haste (see there for further descendants)
Old Norse: heipt, heift, heist
- Icelandic: heift
Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃𐍄𐍃 (haifsts)
- →? Italian: astio

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*haifsti-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 200: “*ḱoip-sti-”

[Kroonen-1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*haifsti-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 200: “*ḱoip-sti-”

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