Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hauhaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *kówk-o-s, nominal derivation of Proto-Indo-European *kewk- (“to elevate”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxɑu̯.xɑz/

Adjective

*hauhaz (comparative *hauhizô, superlative *hauhistaz)

high
Antonym: *deupaz, *lēgaz

Inflection

Declension of *hauhaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*hauhaz	*hauhō	*hauhą, -atō	*hauhai	*hauhôz	*hauhō
accusative	*hauhanǭ	*hauhǭ	*hauhą, -atō	*hauhanz	*hauhōz	*hauhō
genitive	*hauhas, -is	*hauhaizōz	*hauhas, -is	*hauhaizǫ̂	*hauhaizǫ̂	*hauhaizǫ̂
dative	*hauhammai	*hauhaizōi	*hauhammai	*hauhaimaz	*hauhaimaz	*hauhaimaz
instrumental	*hauhanō	*hauhaizō	*hauhanō	*hauhaimiz	*hauhaimiz	*hauhaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*hauhô	*hauhǭ	*hauhô	*hauhaniz	*hauhōniz	*hauhōnō
accusative	*hauhanų	*hauhōnų	*hauhô	*hauhanunz	*hauhōnunz	*hauhōnō
genitive	*hauhiniz	*hauhōniz	*hauhiniz	*hauhanǫ̂	*hauhōnǫ̂	*hauhanǫ̂
dative	*hauhini	*hauhōni	*hauhini	*hauhammaz	*hauhōmaz	*hauhammaz
instrumental	*hauhinē	*hauhōnē	*hauhinē	*hauhammiz	*hauhōmiz	*hauhammiz

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hauh
- Old English: hēah, hēh, hēa — adverb
  - Middle English: heigh
    - English: high, heigh (dialectal)
      - Sranan Tongo: hei
      - → German: high
      - → Polish: haj
    - Scots: heich
    - Yola: heigh, heighe, heegh, hia, hie
  - Scots: he-, hey-
- Old Frisian: hāch, hāg
  - North Frisian: huuch (Föhr-Amrum)
  - Saterland Frisian: hoog
  - West Frisian: heech
- Old Saxon: hōh
  - Middle Low German: hôch, hô
    - Low German: hoog
      - German Low German: hooch, hoog
    - Plautdietsch: hüag, huag
- Old Dutch: hōh
  - Middle Dutch: hôoch, hô
    - Dutch: hoog, hooge (archaic)
      - Afrikaans: hoog
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: hogo
      - Jersey Dutch: hôx
      - Negerhollands: hoog, hok
      - Skepi Creole Dutch: hug, oag
- Old High German: hōh, haoh (Bavarian, up to the early 9th C.)
  - Middle High German: hōch, hō
    - Alemannic German: hooch
      Walser: hoch, hòch
      Swabian: hauch
    - Bavarian:
      Cimbrian: hoach, hòach (Sette Comuni)
      Mòcheno: heach
      Northern Bavarian: , (comparative) , (superlative)
    - Central Franconian: huh, hiech, hieh (western Moselle Franconian)
      Hunsrik: hogh
      Luxembourgish: héich, héi
    - German: hoch
    - Rhine Franconian: houch, hauch, hoch, hok, houk, huch, huk
      Frankfurterisch: , (comparative) , (superlative)
      Pennsylvania German: hooch
    - Vilamovian: huch
    - Yiddish: הויך (hoykh)
- → Old French: haut (conflated with Latin altus) (see there for further descendants)
Old Norse: hár, hór, *haugʀ — Old East Norse, hæri
- Icelandic: hár
- Faroese: háur
- Norn: hjog, høg
  - → Scots: hoe
- Norwegian Nynorsk: håg (< pl. hávir); (dialectal) hå
- Old Swedish: hø̄gher
  - Swedish: hög
  - → Middle Norwegian: høg (from ca. 1400)
    - Norwegian Nynorsk: høg
      - → Norwegian Bokmål: høg
- Danish: høj
  - Norwegian Bokmål: høy
  - → Faroese: høgur
- Old Gutnish: haur
  - Gutnish: haugar, haug, hau
Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍃 (hauhs)
Vandalic: *oas
→? Proto-Finnic: *kauka- (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hauha-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 215

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hauha-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 215