Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haupaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

• *hūpô, *hūfô

From earlier *hauppaz, reflecting pre-Germanic *kouHp-nó- or *keh₂up-nó-, probably part of an ablauting n-stem paradigm *haufô ~ *huppaz, from which *hūpô also split off; ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂wp- (“heap, pile”), a stem of unusual formation. Related to Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬊𐬟𐬀 (kaofa, “mountain, hump”), Old Irish cúan (“pile”), Lithuanian kaũpas (“heap”), Proto-Slavic *kupъ (“heap”).^[1]

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑu̯.pɑz/

*haupaz m

1. (West Germanic) heap, pile
2. (West Germanic) crowd, throng

• *hufą
• *hufraz
• *hūpô

• Proto-West Germanic: *haup
  • Old English: hēap
    • Middle English: hepe, heep
      • English: heap
      • Scots: hepe, heip
  • Old Frisian: hāp
    • Saterland Frisian: Hoop
    • West Frisian: heap
  • Old Saxon: hōp
    • Middle Low German: hôp
      • German Low German: Hoop
      • → Old Norse: hópr
        • Icelandic: hópur
        • Faroese: hópur
        • Norwegian: hop
        • Danish: hob
        • Swedish: hop
  • Old Dutch: *hōp
    • Middle Dutch: hôop
      • Dutch: hoop
        • Afrikaans: hoop
      • Limburgish: houp
  • Old High German: houf
    • Middle High German: houf
      • German: Haufen (merged with *hūpô)
  • → Old French: houpe
    • Middle French: houppe
      • French: houppe