Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hellaną

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 This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

A verbal formation from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, make noise”).[1] The semantic shift from "make noise" > "loud" > "clear, bright" in the High German descendants parallels that of Latin clārus (“loud, clear”), from the same root.[2]

Pronunciation

Verb

*hellaną

  1. to resound, make a sound

Inflection

Conjugation of *hellaną (strong class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hellō *hellaų — *hellai ?
2nd singular *hillizi *hellaiz *hell *hellazai *hellaizau
3rd singular *hillidi *hellai *helladau *helladai *hellaidau
1st dual *hellōz *hellaiw — — —
2nd dual *helladiz *hellaidiz *helladiz — —
1st plural *hellamaz *hellaim — *hellandai *hellaindau
2nd plural *hillid *hellaid *hillid *hellandai *hellaindau
3rd plural *hellandi *hellain *hellandau *hellandai *hellaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hall *hullį̄
2nd singular *hallt *hullīz
3rd singular *hall *hullī
1st dual *hullū *hullīw
2nd dual *hulludiz *hullīdiz
1st plural *hullum *hullīm
2nd plural *hullud *hullīd
3rd plural *hullun *hullīn
present past
participles *hellandz *hullanaz

See also

Descendants

  • Old English: *hiellan (attested as hieldon (plural past tense) < *hallijaną)
  • Old Dutch: *hellan
  • Old High German: hellan

References

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “calō, -āre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 84-5
  2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “clārus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 117-8
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