Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hliwjaną

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 This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From *hliwą (“shelter”) +‎ *-janą.

Verb

*hliwjaną

  1. to cover, to shelter, to protect
Inflection
Conjugation of *hliwjaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hliwjō *hliwjaų — *hliwjai ?
2nd singular *hliwisi *hliwjais *hliwi *hliwjasai *hliwjaisau
3rd singular *hliwiþi *hliwjai *hliwjaþau *hliwjaþai *hliwjaiþau
1st dual *hliwjōs *hliwjaiw — — —
2nd dual *hliwjaþiz *hliwjaiþiz *hliwjaþiz — —
1st plural *hliwjamaz *hliwjaim — *hliwjanþai *hliwjainþau
2nd plural *hliwiþ *hliwjaiþ *hliwiþ *hliwjanþai *hliwjainþau
3rd plural *hliwjanþi *hliwjain *hliwjanþau *hliwjanþai *hliwjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hliwidǭ *hliwidēdį̄
2nd singular *hliwidēz *hliwidēdīz
3rd singular *hliwidē *hliwidēdī
1st dual *hliwidēdū *hliwidēdīw
2nd dual *hliwidēdudiz *hliwidēdīdiz
1st plural *hliwidēdum *hliwidēdīm
2nd plural *hliwidēdud *hliwidēdīd
3rd plural *hliwidēdun *hliwidēdīn
present past
participles *hliwjandz *hliwidaz
Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hliuwjan
    • Old English: hlýwan
  • Old Norse: hlýja

Etymology 2

From *hliwjaz (“lukewarm”) +‎ *-janą.

Verb

*hliwjaną

  1. to warm
Inflection
Conjugation of *hliwjaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hliwjō *hliwjaų — *hliwjai ?
2nd singular *hliwisi *hliwjais *hliwi *hliwjasai *hliwjaisau
3rd singular *hliwiþi *hliwjai *hliwjaþau *hliwjaþai *hliwjaiþau
1st dual *hliwjōs *hliwjaiw — — —
2nd dual *hliwjaþiz *hliwjaiþiz *hliwjaþiz — —
1st plural *hliwjamaz *hliwjaim — *hliwjanþai *hliwjainþau
2nd plural *hliwiþ *hliwjaiþ *hliwiþ *hliwjanþai *hliwjainþau
3rd plural *hliwjanþi *hliwjain *hliwjanþau *hliwjanþai *hliwjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hliwidǭ *hliwidēdį̄
2nd singular *hliwidēz *hliwidēdīz
3rd singular *hliwidē *hliwidēdī
1st dual *hliwidēdū *hliwidēdīw
2nd dual *hliwidēdudiz *hliwidēdīdiz
1st plural *hliwidēdum *hliwidēdīm
2nd plural *hliwidēdud *hliwidēdīd
3rd plural *hliwidēdun *hliwidēdīn
present past
participles *hliwjandz *hliwidaz
Descendants

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xliwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 177
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