Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/huppōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

• IPA^(key): /ˈxup.pɔː.nɑ̃/

From a pre-Germanic iterative *kuP-néh₂-(ye-)ti, usually derived from Proto-Indo-European *kewb-, *ḱewb- (“to bend; a bend, joint”) (compare Latin cubō (“I recline”), Ancient Greek κύβος (kúbos, “hollow in the hips”), Albanian sup (“shoulder”), Sanskrit शुप्ति (śúpti, “shoulder”)); however, according to Kroonen the root must be *kup- with final *p, in view of Middle Dutch hobben.^[1] Tentatively compare Ancient Greek κύπτω (kúptō, “to stoop, hunch”), Lithuanian kuprà (“hump”) and Old High German hofar, hofir (“hump”).

*huppōną^[2][1]

1. to move up and down; hop

• *hubbōną^[1]

• *hupiz (“hip”) (possibly)
• *huppijaną

• Proto-West Germanic: *huppōn, *hoppōn
  • Old English: hoppian
    • Middle English: hoppen; hobelen
      • English: hop; hobble
      • Scots: hop
  • Old Frisian: *huppia, *hoppia
    • Saterland Frisian: hupje, hopje
      • ⇒ Saterland Frisian: huppelje
    • West Frisian: hopje, hobje
  • Old Saxon: *huppōn, *hoppōn
    • Middle Low German: huppen; huppelen
      • German Low German: huppeln, hoppeln
  • Old Dutch: *hoppon, *hobbon
    • Middle Dutch: hoppen, hobben; hoppelen, hobbelen, hobelen; huppelen
      • Dutch: hoppen, hobben; hobbelen; huppelen
        • Afrikaans: hop; hobbel
  • Old High German: *hopfōn, *hoppōn (pp Central German and/or < bb)
    • Middle High German: hopfen, hoppen
      • German: hoppen (rare)
      • ⇒ Middle High German: hoppeln
        • German: hoppeln
    • ⇒ Old High German: hoppazzen
      • Middle High German: hoppezen, hopfzen
        • German: hopsen
          • → German Low German: hopsen
  • → Old French: hober, ober
    • ⇒ Old French: hobin, hobi, obin
      • Middle French: hobin, haubby, aubin
        • French: aubin
      • → Middle English: hobin, hobyn, hoby
        • English: hobby, hobbyhorse
• Old Norse: hoppa
  • Icelandic: hoppa
  • Faroese: hoppa
  • Norwegian: hoppe
  • Old Swedish: hoppa, huppa
    • Swedish: hoppa, (dialectal) hôpp
  • Danish: hoppe
• → Proto-Samic: *këppëtēk (see there for further descendants)

A secondary zero grade iterative. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kemp- (“to turn, bend”), assuming the -m- is a nasal infix.^[3]

*huppōną^[3]

1. to turn back, retreat
2. to step backwards

• ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *andihupōn
  • Old English: onhupian
• Old Norse: hopa
  • Icelandic: hopa
  • Faroese: hopa
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: hoppa, hopa, hobba (dialectal)
  • Danish: hoppe (dialectal)