Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwaitijaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *hwītaz (“white”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxʷɑi̯.ti.jɑz/

Noun

*hwaitijaz m

wheat

Inflection

masculine ja-stemDeclension of *hwaitijaz (masculine ja-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hwaitijaz	hwaitijōz, hwaitijōs
vocative	*hwaitī	hwaitijōz, hwaitijōs
accusative	*hwaitiją	*hwaitijanz
genitive	hwaitijas, hwaitīs	*hwaitijǫ̂
dative	*hwaitijai	*hwaitijamaz
instrumental	*hwaitijō	*hwaitijamiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hwaitī
- Old English: hwǣte
  - Middle English: whete, ȝwete, huete, weete, wete, wheete, whet, whette, wheyte, wheytt, whiett, whyte, quete, quheyt, qwet, qwhete (Northern), hwæte, hweate, hwete, whæte (Early Middle English)
    - English: wheat
    - Middle Scots: quhete^[1]
      - Scots: white, wheat, wheyt^[2]
    - Yola: whet
- Old Frisian: hwēte, wēt
  - Saterland Frisian: Weete
  - West Frisian: weet
- Old Saxon: hwēti
  - Middle Low German: wête, weite
    - German Low German: Weet, Weite, Weit, Weten
- Old Dutch: *wēt, *weit
  - Middle Dutch: weet, weit
    - Dutch: weit
    - Limburgish: weit
- Old High German: weizi, hwaizi
  - Middle High German: weize
    - Alemannic German: Weisse
    - Cimbrian: bòotze
    - German: Weizen
    - Hunsrik: Weize
    - Luxembourgish: Weess
    - Pennsylvania German: Weeze
    - Vilamovian: waas
    - Yiddish: ווייץ (veyts)
Old Norse: hveiti
- Icelandic: hveiti
- Faroese: hveiti
- Norwegian Nynorsk: kveite; (dialectal) kveiti, gveite, veite
  - → Norwegian Bokmål: kveite (Obselete)
- Old Swedish: hvēte
  - Swedish: vete, vät
- Old Danish: hwetæ
  - Danish: hvede
    - Norwegian Bokmål: hvete
Gothic: 𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌴𐌹𐍃 (ƕaiteis)
→ Lithuanian: kvietys, kvieši (“wheat”) (likely borrowed from Old Norse^[3] or Gothic^[4])

References

^ “quhete”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.
^ “white”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.
^ Fraenkel, Ernst (1955, 1962–1965) Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch‎, volumes I–II, Heidelberg-Göttingen: Carl Winter and Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
^ Balaišis, Vytautas (1994) “Das Problem der gotischen Diphthonge ai, au und die litauischen Lehnwörter kvietỹs „Weizen“, kliẽpas „Laibbrot“”, in Baltistica‎ (in German), volume 4, Vilnius: Vilnius University, →DOI

[1] “quhete”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

[2] “white”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

[3] Fraenkel, Ernst (1955, 1962–1965) Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch‎, volumes I–II, Heidelberg-Göttingen: Carl Winter and Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht

[4] Balaišis, Vytautas (1994) “Das Problem der gotischen Diphthonge ai, au und die litauischen Lehnwörter kvietỹs „Weizen“, kliẽpas „Laibbrot“”, in Baltistica‎ (in German), volume 4, Vilnius: Vilnius University, →DOI

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwaitijaz

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