Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kaizwijaną

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 This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain, as the variations between *kaiz- and *kar- cannot be explained as being inherited from Proto-Indo-European. Pokorny compares Old Armenian կքեմ (kkʻem, “to bow, bend”) and Russian жи́хать (žíxatʹ, “to bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to bend, turn”), but this is purely speculative. Kroonen instead derives the verb from a Proto-Indo-European *geys- (“to turn, become”), and compares Hittite (kīša(ri) ~ kišanta(ri), “to happen, occur, become”).

Alternative reconstructions

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkɑi̯.zwi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kaizwijaną

  1. to turn
  2. to direct

Inflection

Conjugation of *kaizwijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kaizwijō *kaizwijaų — *kaizwijai ?
2nd singular *kaizwīsi *kaizwijais *kaizwī *kaizwijasai *kaizwijaisau
3rd singular *kaizwīþi *kaizwijai *kaizwijaþau *kaizwijaþai *kaizwijaiþau
1st dual *kaizwijōs *kaizwijaiw — — —
2nd dual *kaizwijaþiz *kaizwijaiþiz *kaizwijaþiz — —
1st plural *kaizwijamaz *kaizwijaim — *kaizwijanþai *kaizwijainþau
2nd plural *kaizwīþ *kaizwijaiþ *kaizwīþ *kaizwijanþai *kaizwijainþau
3rd plural *kaizwijanþi *kaizwijain *kaizwijanþau *kaizwijanþai *kaizwijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kaizwidǭ *kaizwidēdį̄
2nd singular *kaizwidēz *kaizwidēdīz
3rd singular *kaizwidē *kaizwidēdī
1st dual *kaizwidēdū *kaizwidēdīw
2nd dual *kaizwidēdudiz *kaizwidēdīdiz
1st plural *kaizwidēdum *kaizwidēdīm
2nd plural *kaizwidēdud *kaizwidēdīd
3rd plural *kaizwidēdun *kaizwidēdīn
present past
participles *kaizwijandz *kaizwidaz

Descendants

References

  1. ^ * Pokorny, Julius (1959) “gēu-, gǝu-, gū-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 393, 354
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kaizwjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 277
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