Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kalzōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly derived from unattested noun *kalzaz, cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *galsas (“voice”), from hypothetical Proto-Indo-European *golsos.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkɑl.zɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kalzōną

to call, shout

Inflection

Conjugation of *kalzōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*kalzō	*kalzǭ	—	*kalzōi	?
2nd singular	*kalzōsi	*kalzōs	*kalzō	*kalzōsai	*kalzōsau
3rd singular	*kalzōþi	*kalzō	*kalzōþau	*kalzōþai	*kalzōþau
1st dual	*kalzōs	*kalzōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kalzōþiz	*kalzōþiz	*kalzōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*kalzōmaz	*kalzōm	—	*kalzōnþai	*kalzōnþau
2nd plural	*kalzōþ	*kalzōþ	*kalzōþ	*kalzōnþai	*kalzōnþau
3rd plural	*kalzōnþi	*kalzōn	*kalzōnþau	*kalzōnþai	*kalzōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kalzōdǭ	*kalzōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*kalzōdēz	*kalzōdēdīz
3rd singular	*kalzōdē	*kalzōdēdī
1st dual	*kalzōdēdū	*kalzōdēdīw
2nd dual	*kalzōdēdudiz	*kalzōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*kalzōdēdum	*kalzōdēdīm
2nd plural	*kalzōdēdud	*kalzōdēdīd
3rd plural	*kalzōdēdun	*kalzōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*kalzōndz	*kalzōdaz

Related terms

*kalsōną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *kalʀōn
- Old English: ceallian
  - Middle English: callen, kallen
    - Scots: call, caw
    - English: call
- ⇒ Old Frisian: kaltia
- >? Old Frisian: kella
- Old Saxon: *kallōn
  - Middle Low German: kallen
    - Low German: kallen
- Old Dutch: *kallon
  - Middle Dutch: callen
    - Dutch: kallen
    - Limburgish: kalle
- Old High German: kallōn
  - Middle High German: kallen
    - Bavarian:
      - Cimbrian: khallan
    - Central Franconian: kalle
    - German: kallen (obsolete)
Old Norse: kalla
- Icelandic: kalla
- Faroese: kalla
- Norwegian: kalle, kalla
- Old Swedish: kalla
  - Swedish: kalla
- Elfdalian: kolla
- Danish: kalde

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “Kalzōjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[Kroonen-1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “Kalzōjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kalzōną

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