Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klibą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

A zero-grade derivation of *klībaną (“to stick”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkli.βɑ̃/

Noun

*klibą n^[1]

cliff, rock

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *klibą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*klibą	*klibō
vocative	*klibą	*klibō
accusative	*klibą	*klibō
genitive	klibas, klibis	*klibǫ̂
dative	*klibai	*klibamaz
instrumental	*klibō	*klibamiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *klib
- Old English: clif
  - Middle English: clyf, clif
    - English: cliff
    - Scots: clyft, clift
- Old Frisian: *klif
  - Saterland Frisian: Klif
  - West Frisian: klif
- Old Saxon: klif, *klib
  - Middle Low German: klif, klēf, kleif, klēv, klēb, kleff, klē
    - → German: Kliff n
    - ⇒? Middle Low German: klippe f
      - German Low German: Klipp
      - → Middle High German: klippe, kliffe f
        German: Klippe
      - → Danish: klippe
- Old Dutch: *klif
  - Middle Dutch: klif, klef
    - Dutch: klif
- Old High German: kleb, klep, klif
  - → Lombard: cepp, scepp
Old Norse: klif
- Icelandic: klif
- Faroese: kliv

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kliba-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 292

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kliba-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 292

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