Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klimbaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly a nasalized variant of *klībaną (“to stick, cleave”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *gleybʰ-, an extended form of *gley- (“to stick”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈklim.bɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*klimbaną^[1]^[2]

to climb

Inflection

Conjugation of *klimbaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*klimbō	*klimbaų	—	*klimbai	?
2nd singular	*klimbizi	*klimbaiz	*klimb	*klimbazai	*klimbaizau
3rd singular	*klimbidi	*klimbai	*klimbadau	*klimbadai	*klimbaidau
1st dual	*klimbōz	*klimbaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*klimbadiz	*klimbaidiz	*klimbadiz	—	—
1st plural	*klimbamaz	*klimbaim	—	*klimbandai	*klimbaindau
2nd plural	*klimbid	*klimbaid	*klimbid	*klimbandai	*klimbaindau
3rd plural	*klimbandi	*klimbain	*klimbandau	*klimbandai	*klimbaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*klamb	*klumbį̄
2nd singular	*klamft	*klumbīz
3rd singular	*klamb	*klumbī
1st dual	*klumbū	*klumbīw
2nd dual	*klumbudiz	*klumbīdiz
1st plural	*klumbum	*klumbīm
2nd plural	*klumbud	*klumbīd
3rd plural	*klumbun	*klumbīn

	present	past
participles	*klimbandz	*klumbanaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *klimban
- Old English: climban
  - Middle English: climben
    - Scots: clim, clym
    - English: climb
- Old Frisian: *klimba
  - West Frisian: klimme
- Old Saxon: klimban
  - Middle Low German: klimmen
    - German Low German: klimmen
- Old Dutch: *climban
  - Middle Dutch: climmen
    - Dutch: klimmen
    - Limburgish: klumme, klömme
- Old High German: klimban, chlimban
  - Middle High German: klimmen
    - German: klimmen
    - Luxembourgish: klammen

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*klimman- ~ *klimb/pan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 293
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*klembanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 215

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*klimman- ~ *klimb/pan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 293

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*klembanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 215

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