Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krammijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *krimmaną (“to push, squeeze”) +‎ *-janą (“causative suffix”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkrɑm.mi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*krammijaną

to squeeze

Inflection

Conjugation of *krammijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*krammijō	*krammijaų	—	*krammijai	?
2nd singular	*krammīsi	*krammijais	*krammī	*krammijasai	*krammijaisau
3rd singular	*krammīþi	*krammijai	*krammijaþau	*krammijaþai	*krammijaiþau
1st dual	*krammijōs	*krammijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*krammijaþiz	*krammijaiþiz	*krammijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*krammijamaz	*krammijaim	—	*krammijanþai	*krammijainþau
2nd plural	*krammīþ	*krammijaiþ	*krammīþ	*krammijanþai	*krammijainþau
3rd plural	*krammijanþi	*krammijain	*krammijanþau	*krammijanþai	*krammijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*krammidǭ	*krammidēdį̄
2nd singular	*krammidēz	*krammidēdīz
3rd singular	*krammidē	*krammidēdī
1st dual	*krammidēdū	*krammidēdīw
2nd dual	*krammidēdudiz	*krammidēdīdiz
1st plural	*krammidēdum	*krammidēdīm
2nd plural	*krammidēdud	*krammidēdīd
3rd plural	*krammidēdun	*krammidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*krammijandz	*krammidaz

Descendants

Old Norse: kremja
- Icelandic: kremja

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kramjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 300

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kramjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 300

[1]