Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kreupaną

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 This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

    According to Kroonen, the derivations containing -p(p)- and -b(b)- show that the root was originally Pre-Germanic *kreupp-, from Proto-Indo-European *grewbʰ- (“to crawl”), rather than the traditionally given *grewb-.[1] He gives Lithuanian grubinė́ti (“to stumble”) as a cognate.[2]

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈkreu̯.pɑ.nɑ̃/

    Verb

    *kreupaną[1][3]

    1. to writhe, twist, wind
    2. to creep, crawl

    Inflection

    Conjugation of *kreupaną (strong class 2)
    active voice passive voice
    present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
    1st singular *kreupō *kreupaų — *kreupai ?
    2nd singular *kriupizi *kreupaiz *kreup *kreupazai *kreupaizau
    3rd singular *kriupidi *kreupai *kreupadau *kreupadai *kreupaidau
    1st dual *kreupōz *kreupaiw — — —
    2nd dual *kreupadiz *kreupaidiz *kreupadiz — —
    1st plural *kreupamaz *kreupaim — *kreupandai *kreupaindau
    2nd plural *kriupid *kreupaid *kriupid *kreupandai *kreupaindau
    3rd plural *kreupandi *kreupain *kreupandau *kreupandai *kreupaindau
    past tense indicative subjunctive
    1st singular *kraup *krupį̄
    2nd singular *krauft *krupīz
    3rd singular *kraup *krupī
    1st dual *krupū *krupīw
    2nd dual *krupudiz *krupīdiz
    1st plural *krupum *krupīm
    2nd plural *krupud *krupīd
    3rd plural *krupun *krupīn
    present past
    participles *kreupandz *krupanaz

    Descendants

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kreupan- ~ *krūpan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 304
    2. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*krupp/bōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 307
    3. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kreupanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 221
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