Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kweraną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-, cognate with Lithuanian gùrti (“to scream”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkwe.rɑː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kweraną^[1]^[2]

to sigh

Inflection

Conjugation of *kweraną (strong class 4)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*kwerō	*kweraų	—	*kwerai	?
2nd singular	*kwirizi	*kweraiz	*kwer	*kwerazai	*kweraizau
3rd singular	*kwiridi	*kwerai	*kweradau	*kweradai	*kweraidau
1st dual	*kwerōz	*kweraiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kweradiz	*kweraidiz	*kweradiz	—	—
1st plural	*kweramaz	*kweraim	—	*kwerandai	*kweraindau
2nd plural	*kwirid	*kweraid	*kwirid	*kwerandai	*kweraindau
3rd plural	*kwerandi	*kwerain	*kwerandau	*kwerandai	*kweraindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kwar	*kwērį̄
2nd singular	*kwart	*kwērīz
3rd singular	*kwar	*kwērī
1st dual	*kwērū	*kwērīw
2nd dual	*kwērudiz	*kwērīdiz
1st plural	*kwērum	*kwērīm
2nd plural	*kwērud	*kwērīd
3rd plural	*kwērun	*kwērīn

	present	past
participles	*kwerandz	*kuranaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *kweran
- ⇒ Old English: *cweart
  - ⇒ Old English: cweartern, *cweartærn
    - Middle English: quartern
- Old Saxon: *kweran
  - Middle Low German: quēren, querren, quarren
    - German Low German: quarren
      - → German: quarren
- Old High German: kweran, queran
  - ⇒ Old High German: irkweran, irqueran

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kweran-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 317
^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “KWER-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 317

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kweran-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 317

[Seebold-2] Seebold, Elmar (1970) “KWER-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 317

[1]

[2]