Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lēwijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *lēwą (“occasion, opportunity”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlɛː.wi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*lēwijaną

to bewray, divulge, betray

Inflection

Conjugation of *lēwijaną (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*lēwijō	*lēwijaų	—	*lēwijai	?
2nd singular	*lēwīsi	*lēwijais	*lēwī	*lēwijasai	*lēwijaisau
3rd singular	*lēwīþi	*lēwijai	*lēwijaþau	*lēwijaþai	*lēwijaiþau
1st dual	*lēwijōs	*lēwijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*lēwijaþiz	*lēwijaiþiz	*lēwijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*lēwijamaz	*lēwijaim	—	*lēwijanþai	*lēwijainþau
2nd plural	*lēwīþ	*lēwijaiþ	*lēwīþ	*lēwijanþai	*lēwijainþau
3rd plural	*lēwijanþi	*lēwijain	*lēwijanþau	*lēwijanþai	*lēwijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*lēwidǭ	*lēwidēdį̄
2nd singular	*lēwidēz	*lēwidēdīz
3rd singular	*lēwidē	*lēwidēdī
1st dual	*lēwidēdū	*lēwidēdīw
2nd dual	*lēwidēdudiz	*lēwidēdīdiz
1st plural	*lēwidēdum	*lēwidēdīm
2nd plural	*lēwidēdud	*lēwidēdīd
3rd plural	*lēwidēdun	*lēwidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*lēwijandz	*lēwidaz

Related terms

*lōmaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *lāwijan
- Old English: lǣwan
  - ⇒ Old English: lǣwede
    - Middle English: lewede, lewed
      - Scots: lawit, lewit, lewd
      - English: lewd
  - ⇒ Old English: belǣwan
    - Middle English: belewen
  - ⇒ Old English: lǣwa
    - ⇒ Middle English: lewe (adjective)
- Old High German: *lāwen, *lāen
  - ⇒ Old High German: firlāwen, firlāen
  - ⇒ Old High German: gilāwen, gilāen
Gothic: 𐌻𐌴𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (lēwjan)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*lēwjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 335
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*lēwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 245

[Kroonen-1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*lēwjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 335

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*lēwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 245