Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nabalô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃nóbʰol-ō ~ *h₃m̥bʰl̥-nés, from *h₃nóbʰōl.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈnɑ.βɑ.lɔːː/

Noun

*nabalô m^[1]^[2]

navel

Inflection

masculine an-stemDeclension of *nabalô (masculine an-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*nabalô	*nabalaniz
vocative	*nabalô	*nabalaniz
accusative	*nabalanų	*nabalanunz
genitive	*nabaliniz	*nabalanǫ̂
dative	*nabalini	*nabalammaz
instrumental	*nabalinē	*nabalammiz

Alternative reconstructions

*nablô^[3]^[4]^[5]
*nabulô^[4]^[5]

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *nabulō
- Old English: nafola, nabula, nafela, navela
  - Middle English: navel, navele, navill, navyll, navle, naule, nawle, novel, novle, novele, nowle
    - English: navel
    - Scots: nyvel
- Old Frisian: navla
  - North Frisian: nawel
  - Saterland Frisian: Nauel
  - West Frisian: nâle
- Old Saxon: *navalo
  - Middle Low German: nâvel
    - German Low German: Naffel
    - Plautdietsch: Nowel
- Old Dutch: *navalo
  - Middle Dutch: navele, navel
    - Dutch: navel
      - Afrikaans: nawel, nauel
    - Limburgish: navel
- Old High German: nabalo, nabulo
  - Middle High German: nabele, nabel
    - German: Nabel
    - Hunsrik: Nawel
    - Luxembourgish: Nuebel
    - Vilamovian: nowuł
    - Yiddish: נאָפּל (nopl)
Old Norse: nafli
- Icelandic: nafli
- Faroese: nalvi
- Norwegian: navle
- Old Swedish: nafle
  - Swedish: navel
- Old Danish: navle
  - Danish: navle
- Elfdalian: navel
- Gutnish: navel, navle, navli

References

^ Torp, Alf (1919) “Navle”, in Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok, Oslo: H. Aschehoug and Co. (W. Nygaard), page 452: “Grf. *nabala(n)-”
^ Hellquist, Elof (1922) “navle”, in Svensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary]‎ (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag, pages 513-514: “*naƀalan-”
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*nablan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 380
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Friedrich Kluge (1989) “Nabel”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 496
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*naƀ(u)lōn”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[1] Torp, Alf (1919) “Navle”, in Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok, Oslo: H. Aschehoug and Co. (W. Nygaard), page 452: “Grf. *nabala(n)-”

[2] Hellquist, Elof (1922) “navle”, in Svensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary]‎ (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag, pages 513-514: “*naƀalan-”

[3] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*nablan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 380

[EWddS-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Friedrich Kluge (1989) “Nabel”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 496

[HGE-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*naƀ(u)lōn”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

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