Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/plukkōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly represents a Pre-Germanic *blu(gʰ/ǵʰ)néh₂-, with Kroonen leaving the origin open.^[1] Alternatively, borrowed from Vulgar Latin *pilūc(i)cāre,^[2] but the historical evidence is shaky.^[3]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpluk.kɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*plukkōną

to pluck, pull out or off

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *plukk- against *plug-.

Conjugation of *plukkōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*plukkō	*plukkǭ	—	*plukkōi	?
2nd singular	*plukkōsi	*plukkōs	*plukkō	*plukkōsai	*plukkōsau
3rd singular	*plukkōþi	*plukkō	*plukkōþau	*plukkōþai	*plukkōþau
1st dual	*plukkōs	*plukkōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*plukkōþiz	*plukkōþiz	*plukkōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*plukkōmaz	*plukkōm	—	*plukkōnþai	*plukkōnþau
2nd plural	*plukkōþ	*plukkōþ	*plukkōþ	*plukkōnþai	*plukkōnþau
3rd plural	*plukkōnþi	*plukkōn	*plukkōnþau	*plukkōnþai	*plukkōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*plukkōdǭ	*plukkōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*plukkōdēz	*plukkōdēdīz
3rd singular	*plukkōdē	*plukkōdēdī
1st dual	*plukkōdēdū	*plukkōdēdīw
2nd dual	*plukkōdēdudiz	*plukkōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*plukkōdēdum	*plukkōdēdīm
2nd plural	*plukkōdēdud	*plukkōdēdīd
3rd plural	*plukkōdēdun	*plukkōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*plukkōndz	*plukkōdaz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *plukkōn
- Old English: ploccian, pluccian
  - Middle English: plukken, ploke, plokke, plucke, pluk, pluke, plukke, plukkyn
    - English: pluck
    - Scots: pluck
- Old Frisian: *plokkia
  - Saterland Frisian: plukje
  - West Frisian: ploaitsje, plôkje
  - ⇒ Old Frisian: hērplokkia
- Old Saxon: *plukkōn
  - Middle Low German: plucken
    - Low German: ploken
- Old Dutch: *plukkon
  - Middle Dutch: plocken, plucken
    - Dutch: plukken
      - Afrikaans: pluk
      - Jersey Dutch: plökke
    - Flemish: plokken
- Old High German: phlockōn, *phlucken
  - Middle High German: pflocken, pflucken, pflücken
    - German: pflocken (obsolete), pflücken
    - Hunsrik: plicke
    - Luxembourgish: plécken
    - Rhine Franconian: plicke, plocke
Old Norse: plukka, plokka (possibly borrowed from Low German)
- Icelandic: plokka
- Norwegian: plukke
- Swedish: plocka
- Danish: plukke

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*pluk(k)ōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 398
^ “pflücken” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “pluck”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*pluk(k)ōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 398

[2] “pflücken” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

[3] Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “pluck”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

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