Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/risiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

• *wrisiz
• *wrisjaz
• *wrisjǭ

Unknown. Possibly a zero-grade derivative of *rīsaną.

On the basis of Old Dutch wrisil (“hero”) and Old Saxon wrisilīk (“gigantic”), this form is sometimes reconstructed as *wrisi-, and then either from Proto-Indo-European *wreyh₁- (thus related to Ancient Greek ῥίον (rhíon, “peak, summit”), and perhaps Tocharian A ri, Tocharian B rye (“city, town”), Thracian βρία (vría, “city, wall”)), or from Proto-Indo-European *wers- (“hill, top”) (perhaps whence Latin verrūca (“wart; hillock”), Sanskrit वर्स्मन् (vársman, “height, top”), Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ (“top”)). However, this derivation is problematic as there is no sign of an initial cluster wr- in any of the descendants that otherwise preserve it (northern West Germanic and Old East Norse).

• IPA^(key): /ˈri.siz/

*risiz m

1. a giant

• *etunaz
• *þurisaz

• Proto-West Germanic: *risi, *wrisi
  • Old Frisian: *rise, *wrise
    • Saterland Frisian: Riese
    • West Frisian: reis
  • Old Saxon: *risi, *wrisi
    • Middle Low German: rêse
      • German Low German:

        Bentheimisch: Ries

        Westmünsterländisch: Riese

    • ⇒? Old Saxon: wrisilīk (“giant”, adj)
    • ⇒? Old Saxon: wrisilīko (“gigantic”, adverb)
  • Old Dutch: *risi, *wrisi
    • Middle Dutch: rêse, rôse, ruese
      • Dutch: reus
        • Afrikaans: reus
        • → West Frisian: reus
  • Old High German: risi, *wrisi
    • Middle High German: rise
      • German: Riese
      • Luxembourgish: Ris
• Old Norse: risi
  • Icelandic: risi
  • Faroese: risi
  • Norwegian: rise
  • Old Swedish: rise
    • Swedish: rese
  • Danish: rise