Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sanþijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *sanþaz (“true, real”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsɑn.θi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*sanþijaną^[1]

to make true

Inflection

Conjugation of *sanþijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*sanþijō	*sanþijaų	—	*sanþijai	?
2nd singular	*sanþīsi	*sanþijais	*sanþī	*sanþijasai	*sanþijaisau
3rd singular	*sanþīþi	*sanþijai	*sanþijaþau	*sanþijaþai	*sanþijaiþau
1st dual	*sanþijōs	*sanþijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*sanþijaþiz	*sanþijaiþiz	*sanþijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*sanþijamaz	*sanþijaim	—	*sanþijanþai	*sanþijainþau
2nd plural	*sanþīþ	*sanþijaiþ	*sanþīþ	*sanþijanþai	*sanþijainþau
3rd plural	*sanþijanþi	*sanþijain	*sanþijanþau	*sanþijanþai	*sanþijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*sanþidǭ	*sanþidēdį̄
2nd singular	*sanþidēz	*sanþidēdīz
3rd singular	*sanþidē	*sanþidēdī
1st dual	*sanþidēdū	*sanþidēdīw
2nd dual	*sanþidēdudiz	*sanþidēdīdiz
1st plural	*sanþidēdum	*sanþidēdīm
2nd plural	*sanþidēdud	*sanþidēdīd
3rd plural	*sanþidēdun	*sanþidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*sanþijandz	*sanþidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *sanþijan
- Old English: sēþan, sēðan — edh spelling
  - Middle English: sethen
Old Norse: senna
- Icelandic: senna

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*sanþjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 318

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*sanþjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 318

[1]