Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/selkaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *selǵ- (“to let go, send”), Cognate with Sanskrit सृजति (sṛjáti, “to send off, discharge”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsel.kɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*selkaną^[1]

to trickle, drip
to be slow, to languish

Inflection

Conjugation of *selkaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*selkō	*selkaų	—	*selkai	?
2nd singular	*silkizi	*selkaiz	*selk	*selkazai	*selkaizau
3rd singular	*silkidi	*selkai	*selkadau	*selkadai	*selkaidau
1st dual	*selkōz	*selkaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*selkadiz	*selkaidiz	*selkadiz	—	—
1st plural	*selkamaz	*selkaim	—	*selkandai	*selkaindau
2nd plural	*silkid	*selkaid	*silkid	*selkandai	*selkaindau
3rd plural	*selkandi	*selkain	*selkandau	*selkandai	*selkaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*salk	*sulkį̄
2nd singular	*salht	*sulkīz
3rd singular	*salk	*sulkī
1st dual	*sulkū	*sulkīw
2nd dual	*sulkudiz	*sulkīdiz
1st plural	*sulkum	*sulkīm
2nd plural	*sulkud	*sulkīd
3rd plural	*sulkun	*sulkīn

	present	past
participles	*selkandz	*sulkanaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *selkan
- Old English: *seolcan
  - ⇒ Old English: āseolcan (“to be slow; be weak or slothful; languish”)
  - ⇒ Old English: *beseolcan
    - ⇒ Old English: besolcen (past participle)
  - ⇒ Old English: *solcen, *ġesolcen (past participle)
    - Middle English: *solken, *solke
      - ⇒ English: sulky (“limp, droopy”)
        ⇒ English: sulk (verb) (back-formation)
        ⇒ Scots: sulk (verb) (back-formation)
- Old High German: *selkan
  - Middle High German: selken
    - ⇒ Middle High German: verselken, versëlken
  - ⇒ Old High German: irselkan
- ⇒ Old High German: giselkēn
- ⇒ Old High German: selkenēn

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*selkanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 324

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*selkanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 324

[1]