Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skammaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Of unknown origin. Has been compared with Proto-Indo-Iranian *kambʰ- (“few, small”) (whence Avestan (kamna-, “little”), Persian کم (kam, “few, little”)),[1] itself possibly related to Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to arise, begin”).[2] Other theories include a derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱem- (“mutilated, hornless”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “proposed cognates under this theory?”)
Pronunciation
Adjective
*skammaz
Inflection
Declension of *skammaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *skammaz | *skammai | *skammō | *skammôz | *skammą, -atō | *skammō |
| Accusative | *skammanǭ | *skammanz | *skammǭ | *skammōz | *skammą, -atō | *skammō |
| Genitive | *skammas, -is | *skammaizǫ̂ | *skammaizōz | *skammaizǫ̂ | *skammas, -is | *skammaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *skammammai | *skammaimaz | *skammaizōi | *skammaimaz | *skammammai | *skammaimaz |
| Instrumental | *skammanō | *skammaimiz | *skammaizō | *skammaimiz | *skammanō | *skammaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *skammô | *skammaniz | *skammǭ | *skammōniz | *skammô | *skammōnō |
| Accusative | *skammanų | *skammanunz | *skammōnų | *skammōnunz | *skammô | *skammōnō |
| Genitive | *skamminiz | *skammanǫ̂ | *skammōniz | *skammōnǫ̂ | *skamminiz | *skammanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *skammini | *skammammaz | *skammōni | *skammōmaz | *skammini | *skammammaz |
| Instrumental | *skamminē | *skammammiz | *skammōnē | *skammōmiz | *skamminē | *skammammiz |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Old English: *sċamm
- ⇒ Old English: sċōmhylt, sċoomhylti (possibly)
- Old High German: skam, scam
- Old Norse: skammr
References
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*skam(m)az”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 333
- ^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) “*kamb- : kab-, *kambna- : kabna-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 193