Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skardijaną

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 This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *skardaz (“cut up, damaged”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /ˈskɑr.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skardijaną[1][2]

  1. to cut, chop
  2. to diminish, impair

Inflection

Conjugation of *skardijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *skardijō *skardijaų — *skardijai ?
2nd singular *skardīsi *skardijais *skardī *skardijasai *skardijaisau
3rd singular *skardīþi *skardijai *skardijaþau *skardijaþai *skardijaiþau
1st dual *skardijōs *skardijaiw — — —
2nd dual *skardijaþiz *skardijaiþiz *skardijaþiz — —
1st plural *skardijamaz *skardijaim — *skardijanþai *skardijainþau
2nd plural *skardīþ *skardijaiþ *skardīþ *skardijanþai *skardijainþau
3rd plural *skardijanþi *skardijain *skardijanþau *skardijanþai *skardijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *skardidǭ *skardidēdį̄
2nd singular *skardidēz *skardidēdīz
3rd singular *skardidē *skardidēdī
1st dual *skardidēdū *skardidēdīw
2nd dual *skardidēdudiz *skardidēdīdiz
1st plural *skardidēdum *skardidēdīm
2nd plural *skardidēdud *skardidēdīd
3rd plural *skardidēdun *skardidēdīn
present past
participles *skardijandz *skardidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *skardijan
    • Old English: sċierdan
    • >? Old Dutch: *skerden
      • >? Middle Dutch: scherden (meaning 'to decide')
    • Old High German: skerten
  • Old Norse: skerða
  • → Proto-Finnic: *karcidak (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*skarda-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 440: “*skardjan-”
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*skardjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 335
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