Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skildijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *skelduz (“shield”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈskil.di.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skildijaną^[1]

to provide a shield
to shield, protect

Inflection

Conjugation of *skildijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*skildijō	*skildijaų	—	*skildijai	?
2nd singular	*skildīsi	*skildijais	*skildī	*skildijasai	*skildijaisau
3rd singular	*skildīþi	*skildijai	*skildijaþau	*skildijaþai	*skildijaiþau
1st dual	*skildijōs	*skildijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skildijaþiz	*skildijaiþiz	*skildijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*skildijamaz	*skildijaim	—	*skildijanþai	*skildijainþau
2nd plural	*skildīþ	*skildijaiþ	*skildīþ	*skildijanþai	*skildijainþau
3rd plural	*skildijanþi	*skildijain	*skildijanþau	*skildijanþai	*skildijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skildidǭ	*skildidēdį̄
2nd singular	*skildidēz	*skildidēdīz
3rd singular	*skildidē	*skildidēdī
1st dual	*skildidēdū	*skildidēdīw
2nd dual	*skildidēdudiz	*skildidēdīdiz
1st plural	*skildidēdum	*skildidēdīm
2nd plural	*skildidēdud	*skildidēdīd
3rd plural	*skildidēdun	*skildidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*skildijandz	*skildidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *skildijan
- Old English: sċildan, sċieldan
  - Middle English: schelden, schilden
    - English: shield
    - Scots: scheld, scheild
- Old High German: *skilten
  - Middle High German: schilten
    - German: schilden
Old Norse: skilda
- Icelandic: skilda

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*skeldjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 337

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*skeldjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 337

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