Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/starāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“strong, steady”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈstɑ.rɑː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*starāną^[1]

to gaze, stare

Inflection

Conjugation of *starāną (weak class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*starō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*staraisi	?	*starai	*starāsai	?
3rd singular	*staraiþi	?	*starāþau	*starāþai	?
1st dual	*starōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*starāþiz	?	*starāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*starāmaz	?	—	*starānþai	?
2nd plural	*staraiþ	?	*staraiþ	*starānþai	?
3rd plural	*starānþi	?	*starānþau	*starānþai	?

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*staradǭ	*staradēdį̄
2nd singular	*staradēz	*staradēdīz
3rd singular	*staradē	*staradēdī
1st dual	*staradēdū	*staradēdīw
2nd dual	*staradēdudiz	*staradēdīdiz
1st plural	*staradēdum	*staradēdīm
2nd plural	*staradēdud	*staradēdīd
3rd plural	*staradēdun	*staradēdīn

	present	past
participles	*starāndz	*staradaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *starēn
- Old English: starian
  - Middle English: stāren
    - English: stare
- Old Saxon: starrōn
  - Middle Low German: starren, staren
- Old Dutch: *staron
  - Middle Dutch: stāren
    - Dutch: staren
      - Afrikaans: staar
    - Limburgish: staore
- Old High German: starēn
  - Middle High German: staren
    - German: starren
Old Norse: stara
- Icelandic: stara
- Faroese: stara
- Norwegian Nynorsk: stara

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*starēnan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 372

[HGE-1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*starēnan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 372

[1]

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/starāną

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