Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stikaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to be sharp, to stab, to goad, to puncture”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsti.kɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*stikaną^[1]^[2]

to stick
to stab

Inflection

The present tense forms have the zero grade vowel -i- rather than -ī-.

Conjugation of *stikaną (strong class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*stikō	*stikaų	—	*stikai	?
2nd singular	*stikizi	*stikaiz	*stik	*stikazai	*stikaizau
3rd singular	*stikidi	*stikai	*stikadau	*stikadai	*stikaidau
1st dual	*stikōz	*stikaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*stikadiz	*stikaidiz	*stikadiz	—	—
1st plural	*stikamaz	*stikaim	—	*stikandai	*stikaindau
2nd plural	*stikid	*stikaid	*stikid	*stikandai	*stikaindau
3rd plural	*stikandi	*stikain	*stikandau	*stikandai	*stikaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*staik	*stikį̄
2nd singular	*staiht	*stikīz
3rd singular	*staik	*stikī
1st dual	*stikū	*stikīw
2nd dual	*stikudiz	*stikīdiz
1st plural	*stikum	*stikīm
2nd plural	*stikud	*stikīd
3rd plural	*stikun	*stikīn

	present	past
participles	*stikandz	*stikanaz

Derived terms

*stikiz

Related terms

*stikjaną (“to stitch”)
*stikōną (“to stick”)

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *stekan
- Old Frisian: steka (class 5)
  - West Frisian: stekke
- Old Saxon: stekan
  - Middle Low German: stēken
    - German Low German: steken
- Old Dutch: *stecan
  - Middle Dutch: steken
    - Dutch: steken
      - Afrikaans: steek
- Old High German: stehhan, stechan
  - Middle High German: stechen
    - German: stechen
    - Luxembourgish: stiechen
    - Yiddish: שטעכן (shtekhn)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*stekan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 476
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*stekanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 373

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*stekan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 476

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*stekanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 373

[1]

[2]