Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stuttijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *stuþs (“support, prop, post”) +‎ *-nō- (factitive) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈstut.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*stuttijaną

to support

Inflection

Conjugation of *stuttijaną (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*stuttijō	*stuttijaų	—	*stuttijai	?
2nd singular	*stuttīsi	*stuttijais	*stuttī	*stuttijasai	*stuttijaisau
3rd singular	*stuttīþi	*stuttijai	*stuttijaþau	*stuttijaþai	*stuttijaiþau
1st dual	*stuttijōs	*stuttijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*stuttijaþiz	*stuttijaiþiz	*stuttijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*stuttijamaz	*stuttijaim	—	*stuttijanþai	*stuttijainþau
2nd plural	*stuttīþ	*stuttijaiþ	*stuttīþ	*stuttijanþai	*stuttijainþau
3rd plural	*stuttijanþi	*stuttijain	*stuttijanþau	*stuttijanþai	*stuttijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*stuttidǭ	*stuttidēdį̄
2nd singular	*stuttidēz	*stuttidēdīz
3rd singular	*stuttidē	*stuttidēdī
1st dual	*stuttidēdū	*stuttidēdīw
2nd dual	*stuttidēdudiz	*stuttidēdīdiz
1st plural	*stuttidēdum	*stuttidēdīm
2nd plural	*stuttidēdud	*stuttidēdīd
3rd plural	*stuttidēdun	*stuttidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*stuttijandz	*stuttidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *stuttijan
- Old Saxon: *stuttian
  - Middle Low German: stütten
    - → Norwegian: støtte
    - → Swedish: stötta
    - → Danish: støtte
- Old Dutch: *stutten
  - Middle Dutch: stutten
    - Dutch: stutten
      - Afrikaans: stut
- ⇒ Old High German: untarstuzzen
  - Middle High German: understützen
    - Bavarian: stitzn, unterstitzn
    - German: stützen, unterstützen

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*stuþ/d-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 489: “*stuttjan-”

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*stuþ/d-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 489: “*stuttjan-”