Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tūmōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*tumōną, *tumbōną

Etymology

Unknown. Possibly related to Sanskrit धावति (dhāvati, “to flee, run”), Ancient Greek θύω (thúō, “I rage, storm, rush in”), Latin furō (“I rage”), suggesting a hypothetical Proto-Indo-European *dʰewH- (“shake, roar”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈtuː.mɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*tūmōną

to rotate; spin; revolve

Inflection

Conjugation of *tūmōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*tūmō	*tūmǭ	—	*tūmōi	?
2nd singular	*tūmōsi	*tūmōs	*tūmō	*tūmōsai	*tūmōsau
3rd singular	*tūmōþi	*tūmō	*tūmōþau	*tūmōþai	*tūmōþau
1st dual	*tūmōs	*tūmōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*tūmōþiz	*tūmōþiz	*tūmōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*tūmōmaz	*tūmōm	—	*tūmōnþai	*tūmōnþau
2nd plural	*tūmōþ	*tūmōþ	*tūmōþ	*tūmōnþai	*tūmōnþau
3rd plural	*tūmōnþi	*tūmōn	*tūmōnþau	*tūmōnþai	*tūmōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*tūmōdǭ	*tūmōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*tūmōdēz	*tūmōdēdīz
3rd singular	*tūmōdē	*tūmōdēdī
1st dual	*tūmōdēdū	*tūmōdēdīw
2nd dual	*tūmōdēdudiz	*tūmōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*tūmōdēdum	*tūmōdēdīm
2nd plural	*tūmōdēdud	*tūmōdēdīd
3rd plural	*tūmōdēdun	*tūmōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*tūmōndz	*tūmōdaz

Derived terms

*tūmlōną

Descendants

Old English: tumbian
- Middle English: tumben, tomben, toumbe (conflated with Old French tumber)
  - English: tumb
  - ⇒ Middle English: tumblen
    - English: tumble
    - Scots: tummyll, tumbill, tummle
Old Frisian: *tumbia
- ⇒ Old Frisian: *tūmlia
  - Saterland Frisian: tuumelje
Old Saxon: *tūmōn
- ⇒ Old Saxon: *tūmilōn
  - Middle Low German: tumelen, tummelen
    - German Low German: dummeln
Old Dutch: *tūmon
- Middle Dutch: tumen
  - ⇒ Middle Dutch: tumelen
    - Dutch: tuimelen
      - Afrikaans: tuimel
→? Vulgar Latin: *tumbāre (possibly also from Old Norse, or a native onomatopoeia)
- Eastern Romance:
  - Aromanian: tumbã
  - Romanian: tumbă
- Italian: tomare, *tombare
- Old French: tumber, tumer, tomber
  - Middle French: tomber, tumber
    - French: tomber, tumer (dialectal)
- Old Occitan:
  - Catalan: tombar
  - Occitan: tumber, tomber
- West Iberian:
  - Portuguese: tombar
  - Spanish: tumbar
>? Old High German: tūmōn
- Middle High German: tumen
- ⇒ Old High German: tūmalōn, tūmilōn, tumelen
  - Middle High German: tūmeln, tumeln
    - German: taumeln, tummeln
    - Luxembourgish: tommelen
Old Norse: tumba
- Icelandic: tumba

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 149

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 149

[1]