Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tuppaz

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 This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

Etymology

    Secondary formation from *tebô ~ *tappaz (“tuft, knot, peg”), whence Old High German zepfo, zapfo (“plug, peg, broom”), Old English tæppa (“strip of cloth”), Norwegian tave (“piece of cloth”), of unknown origin.

    Sometimes reconstructed from earlier *tumpaz with irregular development *mp > *pp, from Proto-Indo-European *dewmb- (“penis, tail, rod”), whence Old High German zumpfo (“penis”), Dutch tamp (“rope end, penis”), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬨𐬀 (duma, “penis”), Persian دُنْب (donb, “tail”). This can be related to the above by the addition of an n-infix. Alternatively, it can be explained as metathesis of the nasal from the pre-Germanic weak stem *dbʰ-nó- to *dm̥bʰ-ó- and subsequent contamination between the two stems to *dm̥bʰ-nó-, whence early Proto-Germanic *tumppaz, later *tumpaz.

    Pystynen (2024) proposes borrowing from Proto-Finnic *tup'as, in which case *tuppaz would be more original than the e- and a-grade variants cited above.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    *tuppaz m

    1. tuft, plait (of hair)
    2. top, summit

    Inflection

    Declension of *tuppaz (masculine a-stem)
    singular plural
    nominative *tuppaz *tuppōz, *tuppōs
    vocative *tupp *tuppōz, *tuppōs
    accusative *tuppą *tuppanz
    genitive *tuppas, *tuppis *tuppǫ̂
    dative *tuppai *tuppamaz
    instrumental *tuppō *tuppamiz

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    References

    1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2011) The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 215-217
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Boutkan, Dirk, Siebinga, Sjoerd (2005) “top”, in Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 1), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 412
    3. ^ Bloomfield ((Can we date this quote?)) Germanica, page 95
    4. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “dumb-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 227
    5. ^ Pystynen, Juho: Uralic *tuppas – bridging Indic and Germanic E litoribus Balticis etymologiae. 61–78.Uralica Helsingiensia 15. Helsinki 2024
    6. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*tuppaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 412
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