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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *twiznaz (“twine”) + *-āną.
Pronunciation
Verb
*twiznāną
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *twiznō | ? | — | ? | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *twiznaisi | ? | *twiznai | *twiznāsai | ? | |
| 3rd singular | *twiznaiþi | ? | *twiznāþau | *twiznāþai | ? | |
| 1st dual | *twiznōs | ? | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *twiznāþiz | ? | *twiznāþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *twiznāmaz | ? | — | *twiznānþai | ? | |
| 2nd plural | *twiznaiþ | ? | *twiznaiþ | *twiznānþai | ? | |
| 3rd plural | *twiznānþi | ? | *twiznānþau | *twiznānþai | ? | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *twiznadǭ | *twiznadēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *twiznadēz | *twiznadēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *twiznadē | *twiznadēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *twiznadēdū | *twiznadēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *twiznadēdudiz | *twiznadēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *twiznadēdum | *twiznadēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *twiznadēdud | *twiznadēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *twiznadēdun | *twiznadēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *twiznāndz | *twiznadaz | ||||
Alternative reconstructions
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *twiʀnēn, *twiʀnōn
- Old Norse: tvinna
References
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*twiznōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 414