Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tōmijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *tōmaz (“free, clear, empty, unoccupied”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈtɔː.mi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*tōmijaną

to empty

Inflection

Conjugation of *tōmijaną (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*tōmijō	*tōmijaų	—	*tōmijai	?
2nd singular	*tōmīsi	*tōmijais	*tōmī	*tōmijasai	*tōmijaisau
3rd singular	*tōmīþi	*tōmijai	*tōmijaþau	*tōmijaþai	*tōmijaiþau
1st dual	*tōmijōs	*tōmijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*tōmijaþiz	*tōmijaiþiz	*tōmijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*tōmijamaz	*tōmijaim	—	*tōmijanþai	*tōmijainþau
2nd plural	*tōmīþ	*tōmijaiþ	*tōmīþ	*tōmijanþai	*tōmijainþau
3rd plural	*tōmijanþi	*tōmijain	*tōmijanþau	*tōmijanþai	*tōmijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*tōmidǭ	*tōmidēdį̄
2nd singular	*tōmidēz	*tōmidēdīz
3rd singular	*tōmidē	*tōmidēdī
1st dual	*tōmidēdū	*tōmidēdīw
2nd dual	*tōmidēdudiz	*tōmidēdīdiz
1st plural	*tōmidēdum	*tōmidēdīm
2nd plural	*tōmidēdud	*tōmidēdīd
3rd plural	*tōmidēdun	*tōmidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*tōmijandz	*tōmidaz

Derived terms

*tōmīgaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *tōmijan
- Old Frisian: tēma
- Old Saxon: tōmian
  - ⇒ Old Saxon: ātōmian
Old Norse: tœma, tæma
- Icelandic: tæma
- Faroese: tøma
- Norwegian Nynorsk: tøma
- Swedish: tömma
- Danish: tømme
  - Norwegian Bokmål: tømme
    - → Norwegian Nynorsk: tømma
- → Middle English: temen
  - English: teem
  - Scots: teme, teim

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*tōmjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 408
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*tōma-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 520: “<*tōmjan-”

[HGE-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*tōmjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 408

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*tōma-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 520: “<*tōmjan-”