Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/uberstīganą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *uber- +‎ *stīganą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˌu.βerˈstiː.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*uberstīganą

to ascend or climb over
to surpass, transcend, exceed

Inflection

Conjugation of *uberstīganą (strong class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*uberstīgō	*uberstīgaų	—	*uberstīgai	?
2nd singular	*ubirstīgizi	*uberstīgaiz	*uberstīg	*uberstīgazai	*uberstīgaizau
3rd singular	*ubirstīgidi	*uberstīgai	*uberstīgadau	*uberstīgadai	*uberstīgaidau
1st dual	*uberstīgōz	*uberstīgaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*uberstīgadiz	*uberstīgaidiz	*uberstīgadiz	—	—
1st plural	*uberstīgamaz	*uberstīgaim	—	*uberstīgandai	*uberstīgaindau
2nd plural	*ubirstīgid	*uberstīgaid	*ubirstīgid	*uberstīgandai	*uberstīgaindau
3rd plural	*uberstīgandi	*uberstīgain	*uberstīgandau	*uberstīgandai	*uberstīgaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*uberstaig	*uberstigį̄
2nd singular	*uberstaiht	*uberstigīz
3rd singular	*uberstaig	*uberstigī
1st dual	*uberstigū	*uberstigīw
2nd dual	*uberstigudiz	*uberstigīdiz
1st plural	*uberstigum	*uberstigīm
2nd plural	*uberstigud	*uberstigīd
3rd plural	*uberstigun	*uberstigīn

	present	past
participles	*uberstīgandz	*uberstiganaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *obarstīgan, *ubirstīgan
- Old English: oferstīgan
- Old Saxon: *ovarstīgan
  - Middle Low German: ȫverstīgen, ōverstīgen
- Old Dutch: *overstīgan
  - Middle Dutch: overstigen
    - Dutch: overstijgen
- Old High German: ubarstīgan
  - Middle High German: überstīgen, oberstīgen
    - German: übersteigen
Old Norse: *yfirstíga (implied by yfirstiginn)
- ⇒ Old Norse: yfirstígari ("conquerer")
Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (ufarsteigan)