Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/grə́pʰō

This Proto-Hellenic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hellenic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gr̥bʰ-é-ti, from *gerbʰ- (“to scratch, carve”).^[1]

Verb

*grə́pʰō

to scratch, cut or carve into
to draw (make pictures), especially by carving
to write

Inflection

Present forms of *grə́pʰō

Active

infinitive			*grə́pʰehen
participle			*grə́pʰonts
	singular			dual			plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
indicative	*grə́pʰō	*grə́pʰehi	*grə́pʰei	grə́pʰowos, grə́pʰowes, *grə́pʰowen	grə́pʰetes, grə́pʰetos, *grə́pʰeton	grə́pʰetes, grə́pʰetos, *grə́pʰeton	grə́pʰomes, grə́pʰomen	*grə́pʰete	*grə́pʰonti
subjunctive	*grə́pʰō	*grə́pʰēhi	*grə́pʰēi	grə́pʰōwos, grə́pʰōwes, *grə́pʰōwen	grə́pʰētes, grə́pʰētos, *grə́pʰēton	grə́pʰētes, grə́pʰētos, *grə́pʰēton	grə́pʰōmes, grə́pʰōmen	*grə́pʰēte	*grə́pʰōnti
optative	*grə́pʰoyə	*grə́pʰois	*grə́pʰoi	*grə́pʰoiwen	*grə́pʰoiton	*grəpʰóitān	*grə́pʰoimen	*grə́pʰoite	*grə́pʰoyen
imperative	-	*grə́pʰe	*grəpʰétō	-	*grə́pʰeton	*grəpʰétōn	-	*grə́pʰete	*grəpʰóntōn
Middle/Passive

infinitive			*grə́pʰestʰai
participle			*grəpʰómenos
	singular			dual			plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
indicative	*grə́pʰomai	*grə́pʰehai	*grə́pʰetai	*grə́pʰestʰa	*grə́pʰestʰon	*grə́pʰestʰon	*grəpʰómestʰa	*grə́pʰestʰe	*grə́pʰontai
subjunctive	*grə́pʰōmai	*grə́pʰēhai	*grə́pʰētai	*grə́pʰēstʰa	*grə́pʰēstʰon	*grə́pʰēstʰon	*grəpʰṓmestʰa	*grə́pʰēstʰe	*grə́pʰōntai
optative	*grəpʰóimān	*grə́pʰoyyo	*grə́pʰoito	*grəpʰóiwetʰa	*grə́pʰoistʰon	*grəpʰóistʰān	*grəpʰóimetʰa	*grə́pʰoistʰe	*grə́pʰointo
imperative	-	*grə́pʰeho	*grəpʰéstʰō	-	*grə́pʰestʰon	*grəpʰéstʰōn	-	*grə́pʰestʰe	*grəpʰéstʰōn

Imperfect forms of *grə́pʰō

Active

	singular			dual			plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
indicative	*égrəpʰon	*égrəpʰes	*égrəpʰe	*egrə́pʰowe	*egrə́pʰeton	*egrəpʰétān	egrə́pʰomes, egrə́pʰomen	*egrə́pʰete	*égrəpʰon
Middle/Passive

	singular			dual			plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
indicative	*egrəpʰómān	*egrə́pʰeho	*egrə́pʰeto	*egrə́pʰetʰa	*egrə́pʰestʰon	*egrəpʰéstʰān	*egrəpʰómetʰa	*egrə́pʰestʰe	*egrə́pʰonto

Descendants

Ancient Greek: γράφω (gráphō)
- Greek: γράφω (gráfo)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “γράφω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 285-6

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “γράφω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 285-6

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