Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/mbrəuˣ

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 This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hmong-Mien

Alternative reconstructions

Ostapirat (2016)[1] reconstructs *m.rˠ- as the initial.

Etymology

Compare Kra-Dai[2]: Proto-Tai *plaːᴬ; Old Chinese 鯉 'carp'. However, Ostapirat (2016) does not consider the Hmong-Mien and Kra-Dai forms to be related, since the initials (Kra-Dai *pl- vs. Hmong-Mien *m.rˠ-) and tones do not correspond. Ostapirat (2016) instead considers the Hmong-Mien form to correspond with 鯉 (OC *mə-rəʔ).[1]

Noun

*mbrəuˣ

  1. fish

Descendants

  • Hmongic[3]
    • Pa Hng
      • Pa Hng - Gundong 滚董: njo¹¹
      • Hm Nai - Mao'ao 毛坳: mpjo¹¹
    • North Hmongic
      • West Xiangxi (Xong) - Layiping 腊乙坪: tɑ³⁵mʐɯ²²
      • East Xiangxi (Suang) - Xiaozhang 小章: mɯ⁵⁵
    • East Hmongic
      • North Qiandong - Yanghao 养蒿: zɛ¹¹
      • East Qiandong - Caidiwan 菜地湾: njei²¹²
      • South Qiandong - Yaogao 尧告: ȵei²⁴¹
      • West Qiandong (Raojia) - Heba 河坝: mei²¹
    • Sheic
      • Younuo 优诺: mui³²
      • Jiongnai - Longhua 龙华: mpja³¹
      • Bana 巴那: bja³¹
      • She - Xiashuicun 下水村: pja⁵³
    • West Hmongic
      • Bunu
        • Dongnu - Qibainong 七百弄: mpje²³¹
        • Nunu - Xishan 西山: pja⁴⁴
        • Numao - Yaolu 瑶麓: mpjei⁵³
      • Core
        • East Luobuohe (Xijia) - Shibanqiao 石板寨: qo⁰⁵mbji⁵⁵
        • West Luobuohe - Gaozhai 高寨: ʔə⁰²mbji⁵⁵
        • Huishui - Gaopo 高坡: mplɛ³¹
        • Mashan - Zongdi 宗地: mpʐe¹¹
        • A-Hmao - Shimenpo 石门坡: mbə³³
        • Chuanqiandian - Dananshan 大南山: ntʂe²¹
  • Mienic[4]
    • Mien
      • Guangdian (Jiangdi): bjau²³¹
      • Xiangnan (Miaoziyuan): bau²³²
    • Kim Mun
      • Diangui (Liangzi): bjau³²
      • Fanghai (Tansan): bjau³¹
    • Biao Mon
      • Changping: blau¹²¹
      • Luoxiang: bjau²¹³
    • Biao Min
      • Dongshan: bla⁴²
      • Shikou: plɔu³¹
      • Niuweizhai: pʰɣau⁴³³
    • Dzao Min (Daping): a⁴⁴biu⁴⁴

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ostapirat, Weera (2016) “Issues in the Reconstruction and Affiliation of Proto-Miao-Yao”, in Language and Linguistics‎, volume 17, number 1, →DOI, pages 133–145
  2. ^ Kosaka, Ryuichi (2002) “On the affiliation of Miao-Yao and Kadai: Can we posit the Miao-Dai family?”, in The Mon-Khmer Studies Journal‎, volume 32, pages 71-100
  3. ^ Chen, Qiguang (陈其光) (2013) Miao Yao yuwen (苗瑶语文), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社), →ISBN
  4. ^ Mao, Zongwu (毛宗武) (2004) Yaozu Mianyu fangyan yanjiu (瑤族勉语方言研究), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社)
  • Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN.
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