Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/mpu̯ə

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 This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hmong-Mien

Etymology

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-bru(ŋ/k) (Matisoff, 2015)

Noun

*mpu̯ə

  1. thunder

Descendants

  • Hmongic
    • Pa Hng
      • Pa Hng - Gundong 滚董: mo³⁵
      • Hm Nai - Mao'ao 毛坳: ʑe⁵⁵mpo³⁵
    • North Hmongic
      • West Xiangxi (Xong) - Layiping 腊乙坪: tɑ³⁵so³⁵
      • East Xiangxi (Suang) - Xiaozhang 小章: səɯ⁵³
    • East Hmongic
      • North Qiandong - Yanghao 养蒿: ho³³
      • East Qiandong - Caidiwan 菜地湾: hou²⁴
      • South Qiandong - Yaogao 尧告: pu⁴⁴fu¹³
      • West Qiandong (Raojia) - Heba 河坝: heɯ⁴⁴
    • Sheic
      • Younuo 优诺: ku⁵⁵kwaŋ⁴⁴
      • Jiongnai - Longhua 龙华: hu⁴⁴jak⁵⁵
      • Bana 巴那: fu¹³
      • She - Xiashuicun 下水村: pje⁵⁵fu²²kʰɔ³⁵
    • West Hmongic
      • Bunu
        • Dongnu - Qibainong 七百弄: ʔa⁰²pʰɔ³³
        • Nunu - Xishan 西山: pʰo³³
        • Numao - Yaolu 瑶麓: pʰo³³
      • Core
        • East Luobuohe (Xijia) - Shibanqiao 石板寨: tə⁰²su³¹
        • West Luobuohe - Gaozhai 高寨: ʔə⁰²su³¹
        • Huishui - Gaopo 高坡: sʰə²⁴
        • Mashan - Zongdi 宗地: so²²
        • A-Hmao - Shimenpo 石门坡: so⁵⁵
        • Chuanqiandian - Dananshan 大南山: so⁴³
  • Mienic
    • Mien
      • Guangdian (Jiangdi): bwo²³¹
      • Xiangnan (Miaoziyuan): bu³¹kəu⁵³
    • Kim Mun
      • Diangui (Liangzi): bu³³kɔŋ³⁵
      • Fanghai (Tansan): bu³³kɔːŋ³⁵
    • Biao Mon
      • Changping: bu³³
      • Luoxiang: bu³³
    • Biao Min
      • Shikou: dœn⁵⁵bu⁴⁴
      • Niuweizhai: pɯ⁵³kɔŋ³³
    • Dzao Min (Daping): bjau⁴⁴kɔŋ⁴⁴

References

  • Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN.
  • Chen, Qiguang (陈其光) (2013) Miao Yao yuwen (苗瑶语文), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社), →ISBN
  • Mao, Zongwu (毛宗武) (2004) Yaozu Mianyu fangyan yanjiu (瑤族勉语方言研究), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社)
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