Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/pji̯əuˣ

This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hmong-Mien

Alternative reconstructions

Ostapirat (2016)^[1] reconstructs *pˠ- as the Proto-Hmong-Mien initial, and also Proto-Mienic *pˠeu.

Etymology

Compare Proto-Austroasiatic *pleʔ.^[2]

Noun

*pji̯əuˣ

fruit

Descendants

Hmongic
- Pa Hng
  - Pa Hng - Gundong 滚董: tjei³¹
  - Hm Nai - Mao'ao 毛坳: pjei³¹³
- North Hmongic
  - West Xiangxi (Xong) - Layiping 腊乙坪: qo³⁵pji⁴⁴
  - East Xiangxi (Suang) - Xiaozhang 小章: pji⁵⁵
- East Hmongic
  - North Qiandong - Yanghao 养蒿: tsen³⁵
  - East Qiandong - Caidiwan 菜地湾: tsen³⁵
  - South Qiandong - Yaogao 尧告: tɕi⁵³
  - West Qiandong (Raojia) - Heba 河坝: pei¹³
- Sheic
  - Younuo 优诺: pji³³
  - Jiongnai - Longhua 龙华: pji⁵³
  - Bana 巴那: pji⁴⁴
  - She - Xiashuicun 下水村: tɔŋ³³pji⁵⁵
- West Hmongic
  - Bunu
    - Dongnu - Qibainong 七百弄: pji⁵³
    - Nunu - Xishan 西山: pi³⁵
    - Numao - Yaolu 瑶麓: pji¹³
  - Core
    - East Luobuohe (Xijia) - Shibanqiao 石板寨: qo⁰⁵pzi⁵⁵
    - West Luobuohe - Gaozhai 高寨: ʔə⁰²pje⁵⁵/tse⁵⁵
    - Huishui - Gaopo 高坡: pi¹³
    - Mashan - Zongdi 宗地: pei⁴²
    - A-Hmao - Shimenpo 石门坡: tsɿ⁵⁵
    - Chuanqiandian - Dananshan 大南山: tsi⁵⁵
Mienic
- Mien
  - Guangdian (Jiangdi): pjou⁵²
  - Xiangnan (Miaoziyuan): pjəu⁵³
- Kim Mun
  - Diangui (Liangzi): pjou⁵⁴⁵
  - Fanghai (Tansan): ʔpjɔu⁵⁵
- Biao Mon
  - Changping: pjəu⁵³
  - Luoxiang: pjəu⁵³
- Biao Min
  - Dongshan: pjau³⁵
  - Shikou: bjɔu³⁵
  - Niuweizhai: pjəu³⁵
- Dzao Min (Daping): a⁴⁴bɛu²⁴

References

^ Ostapirat, Weera (2016) “Issues in the Reconstruction and Affiliation of Proto-Miao-Yao”, in Language and Linguistics‎, volume 17, number 1, →DOI, pages 133–145
^ Ostapirat, Weera (2018) “Macrophyletic Trees of East Asian Languages Re examined”, in Kikusawa, Ritsuko, Reid, Lawrence A., editors, Let's Talk about Trees (Senri Ethnological Studies), Osaka: Minpaku, →DOI

Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN.
Chen, Qiguang (陈其光) (2013) Miao Yao yuwen (苗瑶语文), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社), →ISBN
Mao, Zongwu (毛宗武) (2004) Yaozu Mianyu fangyan yanjiu (瑤族勉语方言研究), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社)

[1] Ostapirat, Weera (2016) “Issues in the Reconstruction and Affiliation of Proto-Miao-Yao”, in Language and Linguistics‎, volume 17, number 1, →DOI, pages 133–145

[Ostapirat_2018-2] Ostapirat, Weera (2018) “Macrophyletic Trees of East Asian Languages Re examined”, in Kikusawa, Ritsuko, Reid, Lawrence A., editors, Let's Talk about Trees (Senri Ethnological Studies), Osaka: Minpaku, →DOI

[1]

[2]