Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱl̥néyti
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *ḱley- (“to incline”) + *-né- (nasal infix).
Verb
*ḱl̥néyti (imperfective)[1]
Inflection
| Imperfective, athematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *ḱl̥néyti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *ḱl̥nyénti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *ḱl̥néymi | *ḱl̥nḗm | — | *ḱl̥néyoh₂ | *ḱl̥niyéh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *ḱl̥néysi | *ḱl̥néys | *ḱl̥néy, *ḱl̥nidʰí | *ḱl̥néyesi | *ḱl̥niyéh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *ḱl̥néyti | *ḱl̥néyt | *ḱl̥néytu | *ḱl̥néyeti | *ḱl̥niyéh₁t |
| 1st dual | *ḱl̥niwós | *ḱl̥niwé | — | *ḱl̥néyowos | *ḱl̥nyih₁wé |
| 2nd dual | *ḱl̥nités | *ḱl̥nitóm | *ḱl̥nitóm | *ḱl̥néyetes | *ḱl̥nyih₁tóm |
| 3rd dual | *ḱl̥nités | *ḱl̥nitā́m | *ḱl̥nitā́m | *ḱl̥néyetes | *ḱl̥nyih₁tā́m |
| 1st plural | *ḱl̥nimós | *ḱl̥nimé | — | *ḱl̥néyomos | *ḱl̥nyih₁mé |
| 2nd plural | *ḱl̥nité | *ḱl̥nité | *ḱl̥nité | *ḱl̥néyete | *ḱl̥nyih₁té |
| 3rd plural | *ḱl̥nyénti | *ḱl̥nyént | *ḱl̥nyéntu | *ḱl̥néyonti | *ḱl̥nyih₁ént |
| Participle | *ḱl̥nyónts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *ḱl̥nih₂ér | *ḱl̥nih₂é | — | *ḱl̥néyoh₂er | *ḱl̥nyih₁h₂é |
| 2nd singular | *ḱl̥nith₂ér | *ḱl̥nith₂é | *ḱl̥nisó | *ḱl̥néyeth₂er | *ḱl̥nyih₁th₂é |
| 3rd singular | *ḱl̥nitór, *ḱl̥nyór | *ḱl̥nitó, *ḱl̥nyó | *? | *ḱl̥néyetor | *ḱl̥nyih₁tó, *ḱl̥nyih₁ó |
| 1st dual | *ḱl̥niwósdʰh₂ | *ḱl̥niwédʰh₂ | — | *ḱl̥néyowosdʰh₂ | *ḱl̥nyih₁wédʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *ḱl̥nimósdʰh₂ | *ḱl̥nimédʰh₂ | — | *ḱl̥néyomosdʰh₂ | *ḱl̥nyih₁médʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *ḱl̥nidʰh₂wé | *ḱl̥nidʰh₂wé | *ḱl̥nidʰh₂wé | *ḱl̥néyedʰh₂we | *ḱl̥nyih₁dʰh₂wé |
| 3rd plural | *ḱl̥nyn̥tór, *ḱl̥nirór | *ḱl̥nyn̥tó, *ḱl̥niró | *? | *ḱl̥néyontor | *ḱl̥nyih₁ró |
| Participle | *ḱl̥nym̥h₁nós | ||||
Reconstruction notes
Rebuilt as *ḱlíneti ~ *ḱlinénti via schwebeablaut and leveling.
Descendants
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ślíntei
- Proto-Germanic: *hlināną (rebuilt as nā-present[2]) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *klíňňō (perhaps secondary from *klínō + *-yō[3][4])
- Proto-Italic: *kleinō[5] (< secondary full-grade *ḱléyneti ~ *ḱlinénti)
- Latin: clīnō (“slope, bend”) (see there for further descendants)
References
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ḱlei̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 332
- ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hlinēn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 231: “*ḱli-neh₂-”
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (1988) The System of Nominal Accentuation in Sanskrit and Proto-Indo-European, Brill, page 144
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κλίνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 717: “*klin-je/o-”
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-clīnō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 121: “*kl(e)in-e/o-”