Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)merd-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

• *h₂merd-

Root

*(s)merd-

1. to bite, to sting

Derived terms

• *(s)merd- (root present)
  • Proto-Germanic: *smertaną (“to hurt”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(s)márdati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *márdati
      • Sanskrit: मर्दति (márdati, “to pound, crush”) (see there for further descendants)
• *(s)mord-éye-ti or *h₂mord-éye-ti (iterative)
  • Proto-Italic: *mordejō (or *mordē(j)ō, from *(s)mr̥d-éh₁(ye)-ti below)
    • Latin: mordeō (see there for further descendants)
• *(s)mr̥d-éh₁(ye)-ti (eh₁-stative or iterative)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *smirˀdḗˀtei (“to stink”)^{[note 1]} (see there for further descendants)
• *(s)mr̥-né-d-ti (nasal-infix present)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Proto-Iranian:
      • >? Avestan: 𐬨𐬋𐬭𐬆𐬧𐬛𐬀𐬝 (mōrəṇdat̰, “to ruin, annihilate”)
      • ⇒? Old Persian: (vi-mạr(n)datiy, “suppressed”)
• *(s)merd-h₂ (collective)
  • >? Proto-Italic: *(s)merdā^{[note 1]}
    • >? Latin: merda (“excrement”) (see there for further descendants)
• *(s)mórd-os
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *smárˀdas (“stench”)^{[note 1]}
    • Latvian: smards
    • Lithuanian: smárdas
    • Proto-Slavic: *smȏrdъ (see there for further descendants)
• *smerd-nós
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: σμερδνός (smerdnós)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Proto-Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: մարտ (mart)
      • Armenian: մարտ (mart)
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: σμερδαλέος (smerdaléos)
  • Proto-Tocharian:
    • Tocharian A: märtk
    • Tocharian B: märtk

Notes

References