Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰardʰéh₂

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*bʰordʰéh₂

Etymology

From the stem *bʰar- (“projecting forward; tip, point; bristle, awn”), form of *bʰer- (“to cut, to grate, to split, to hit”).

Noun

*bʰardʰéh₂ f

beard

Inflection

Thematic in *-eh₂
	singular
nominative	*bʰardʰéh₂
genitive	*bʰardʰéh₂s
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*bʰardʰéh₂	*bʰardʰéh₂h₁(e)	*bʰardʰéh₂es
vocative	*bʰardʰéh₂	*bʰardʰéh₂h₁(e)	*bʰardʰéh₂es
accusative	*bʰardʰā́m	*bʰardʰéh₂h₁(e)	*bʰardʰéh₂m̥s
genitive	*bʰardʰéh₂s	*?	*bʰardʰéh₂oHom
ablative	*bʰardʰéh₂s	*?	*bʰardʰéh₂mos
dative	*bʰardʰéh₂ey	*?	*bʰardʰéh₂mos
locative	bʰardʰéh₂, bʰardʰéh₂i	*?	*bʰardʰéh₂su
instrumental	*bʰardʰéh₂h₁	*?	*bʰardʰéh₂mis

Synonyms

*smóḱwr̥ (“chin, beard”)

Derived terms

*bʰardʰéh₂tos (“bearded”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bardā́ˀtas (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *bardōdaz
- Proto-Italic: *farβātos
  - Latin: barbātus (the initial /b-/ is also found in barba) (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bardā́ˀ (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *bardaz (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic: *farβā (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 55
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 69
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 251

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 55

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 69

[3] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 251