Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰardʰéh₂

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

From the stem *bʰar-/-bʰor- (“projecting forward; tip, point; bristle, awn”), form of *bʰer- (“to cut, to grate, to split, to hit”). Kroonen considers the root to be potentially derived from *bʰers- (“tip, point”) (which seems to be related to the roots discussed above), with sense development "pointy and prickly thing" > "beard".[1]

Noun

*bʰardʰéh₂ f[2][3][4]

  1. beard

Inflection

Thematic in *-eh₂
singular
nominative *bʰardʰéh₂
genitive *bʰardʰéh₂s
singular dual plural
nominative *bʰardʰéh₂ *bʰardʰéh₂h₁(e) *bʰardʰéh₂es
vocative *bʰardʰéh₂ *bʰardʰéh₂h₁(e) *bʰardʰéh₂es
accusative *bʰardʰā́m *bʰardʰéh₂h₁(e) *bʰardʰéh₂m̥s
genitive *bʰardʰéh₂s *? *bʰardʰéh₂oHom
ablative *bʰardʰéh₂s *? *bʰardʰéh₂mos, *bʰardʰéh₂bʰos
dative *bʰardʰéh₂ey *? *bʰardʰéh₂mos, *bʰardʰéh₂bʰos
locative *bʰardʰéh₂, *bʰardʰéh₂i *? *bʰardʰéh₂su
instrumental *bʰardʰéh₂h₁ *? *bʰardʰéh₂mis, *bʰardʰéh₂bʰis

Synonyms

Derived terms

  • *bʰardʰéh₂tos (“bearded”)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bardā́ˀtas (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *bardōdaz
    • Proto-Italic: *farβātos
      • Latin: barbātus (the initial /b-/ is also found in barba) (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bardā́ˀ (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *bardaz (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *farβā (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*barzda-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 54
  2. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 55
  3. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 69
  4. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 251
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