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Various points suggest a post-Indo-European borrowing from an unknown source:
The phoneme *b, which is rare and of somewhat doubtful status.
The consistent occurrence of *a.
The alternation between *k and geminate *kk across the descendants.
According to Oxford's Introduction to proto-Indo-European, the initial *b- may have been due to the informal ("popular") nature of the term. Kroonen and De Vaan reconstruct no Proto-Indo-European form at all. Compare Proto-Afroasiatic *bak, "to strike".
^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 246
↑ 4.04.1De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “baculum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 67
^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “бок”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “βακτηρία”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 194