Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁n̥gʷnís
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *h₁engʷ- (“to burn; fire”).
Noun
*h₁n̥gʷnís m
- fire
- Synonyms: *h₂eh₁ter-, *péh₂wr̥
Usage notes
Two main terms for “fire” are reconstructible for Proto-Indo-European: *h₁n̥gʷnís and *péh₂wr̥. They are usually considered in semantic opposition. The first term is usually masculine and refers to fire as something animate and active (compare Agni, the most prominent Old Indic deity), whereas the second term is neuter and refers to fire as something inanimate and passive, i.e. as a substance.
Inflection
| Athematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *h₁n̥gʷnís | ||
| genitive | *h₁n̥gʷnéys | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *h₁n̥gʷnís | *h₁n̥gʷníh₁(e) | *h₁n̥gʷnéyes |
| vocative | *h₁n̥gʷní | *h₁n̥gʷníh₁(e) | *h₁n̥gʷnéyes |
| accusative | *h₁n̥gʷním | *h₁n̥gʷníh₁(e) | *h₁n̥gʷníms |
| genitive | *h₁n̥gʷnéys | *? | *h₁n̥gʷnéyoHom |
| ablative | *h₁n̥gʷnéys | *? | *h₁n̥gʷnéymos, *h₁n̥gʷnéybʰos |
| dative | *h₁n̥gʷnéyey | *? | *h₁n̥gʷnéymos, *h₁n̥gʷnéybʰos |
| locative | *h₁n̥gʷnéy, *h₁n̥gʷnḗy | *? | *h₁n̥gʷnéysu |
| instrumental | *h₁n̥gʷnéyh₁ | *? | *h₁n̥gʷnéymis, *h₁n̥gʷnéybʰis |
Descendants
- Proto-Albanian: *agni
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *úngnis (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hagníš (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *əngʷnis (see there for further descendants)
References
- Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 202
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 44
