Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éryeti

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”) +‎ *-yeti, with regular deletion of the laryngeal between a consonant and *y (Pinault's law).[1]

Verb

*h₂éryeti (imperfective)

  1. to be ploughing

Alternative reconstructions

  • *h₂érh₃yeti[2]

Inflection

Imperfective, thematic
3rd singular *h₂éryeti
3rd plural *h₂éryonti
Active voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
1st singular *h₂éryoh₂ *h₂éryom — *h₂éryōh₂ *h₂éryoyh₁m̥
2nd singular *h₂éryesi *h₂éryes *h₂érye *h₂éryēsi *h₂éryoys
3rd singular *h₂éryeti *h₂éryet *h₂éryetu *h₂éryēti *h₂éryoyt
1st dual *h₂éryowos *h₂éryowe — *h₂éryōwos *h₂éryoywe
2nd dual *h₂éryetes *h₂éryetom *h₂éryetom *h₂éryētes *h₂éryoytom
3rd dual *h₂éryetes *h₂éryetām *h₂éryetām *h₂éryētes *h₂éryoytām
1st plural *h₂éryomos *h₂éryome — *h₂éryōmos *h₂éryoyme
2nd plural *h₂éryete *h₂éryete *h₂éryete *h₂éryēte *h₂éryoyte
3rd plural *h₂éryonti *h₂éryont *h₂éryontu *h₂éryōnti *h₂éryoyh₁n̥t
Participle *h₂éryonts
Middle voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
1st singular *h₂éryoh₂er *h₂éryoh₂e — *h₂éryōh₂er *h₂éryoyh₂e
2nd singular *h₂éryeth₂er *h₂éryeth₂e *h₂éryeso *h₂éryēth₂er *h₂éryoyth₂e
3rd singular *h₂éryetor *h₂éryeto *? *h₂éryētor *h₂éryoyto, *h₂éryoyh₁o
1st dual *h₂éryowosdʰh₂ *h₂éryowedʰh₂ — *h₂éryōwosdʰh₂ *h₂éryoywedʰh₂
2nd dual *? *? *? *? *?
3rd dual *? *? *? *? *?
1st plural *h₂éryomosdʰh₂ *h₂éryomedʰh₂ — *h₂éryōmosdʰh₂ *h₂éryoymedʰh₂
2nd plural *h₂éryedʰh₂we *h₂éryedʰh₂we *h₂éryedʰh₂we *h₂éryēdʰh₂we *h₂éryoydʰh₂we
3rd plural *h₂éryontor *h₂éryonto *? *h₂éryōntor *h₂éryoyro
Participle *h₂éryomnos

Descendants

  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *árˀtei
    • Latvian: ar̂t
    • Lithuanian: árti
    • Proto-Slavic: *orati (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Celtic: *aryeti (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *arjaną (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *aroyō (with restored laryngeal)
  • Proto-Italic: *araō (with restored laryngeal)
    • Latin: arō (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 15
  2. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₂erh₃-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 272
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