Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kápros

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Considered a post-PIE loanword by De Vaan. The appearance of initial *g- in one, and the cluster *-ɸr- (instead of the expected *-br-) in the other, the Celtic variants are inexplicable if these are considered inherited reflexes. The a-vocalism likewise suggests a Wanderwort.

Noun

*kápros (non-ablauting)

  1. he-goat, billy goat

Inflection

Thematic
singular
nominative *kápros
genitive *káprosyo
singular dual plural
nominative *kápros *káproh₁ *káproes
vocative *kápre *káproh₁ *káproes
accusative *káprom *káproh₁ *káproms
genitive *káprosyo *? *káproHom
ablative *kápread *? *kápromos
dative *káproey *? *kápromos
locative *káprey, *káproy *? *káproysu
instrumental *káproh₁ *? *káprōys

Descendants

  • Proto-Celtic: *gabros (“goat”), *kaɸerūxs (“sheep”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *hafraz (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *kápros
    • Ancient Greek: κάπρος (kápros, “boar”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kápras
    • Proto-Iranian: *káfrah (“kid”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *kapros (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  2. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

Further reading

  • Buck, Carl Darling (1949) A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, page 164
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