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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Alternative reconstructions

    Root

    *kʷelp-

    1. to wind, turn, curve
    2. arch[2]

    Reconstruction notes

    • According to Douglas Adams and J.P. Mallory, the term likely belonged to the "west and center of the IE world."

    Derived terms

    References

    1. ^ Julius Pokorny (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 630
    2. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 62
    3. 3.0 3.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 375-376
    4. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 265
    5. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*xwelbanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 200
    6. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 263
    7. ^ Michiel De Vaan (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 151
    8. ^ Stuart E. Mann (1941), “The Indo-European Semivowels in Albanian”, in Language, volume 17, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 12–23
    9. 9.0 9.1 Guus Kroonen (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 262
    10. ^ Robert S. P. Beekes (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 740-741
    11. ^ H. Beeley (2016), The phonetics of labialized velars in Ancient Greek, page 73
    12. ^ Gregory Haynes (1 December 2020), “Resonant Variation in Proto-Indo-European”, in Mother Tongue, volume 22, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 151–222
    13. ^ Karl Brugmann, Leopold Cohn, Albert Thumb (1913), Griechische Grammatik: Lautlehre, Stammbildungs und Flexionslehre, Syntax, Beck
    14. ^ Francis A. Wood (1919), “The IE. Root "*Qẽu-:" 'Nuere, Nutare, Cevere; Quatere, Cudere; Cubare, Incumbere.' I”, in Modern Philology, volume 17, number 6, →ISSN, pages 331–350