Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/nem-

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology 1

Possibly related to *h₁em- (“to take, to distribute”).

Root

*nem-[1][2]

  1. to distribute
  2. to give, to take
Alternative reconstructions
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *nem- (25 c, 0 e)
  • *ném-e-ti (thematic root present)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nemtei
      • Latvian: ņemt (“take”)
    • Proto-Germanic: *nemaną (“take”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *némō
      • Ancient Greek: νέμω (némō, “dispense, distribute”)
  • *nom-éh₂
  • *ném-es-o-s
  • *nem-es-eh₂
  • *nóm-o-s
  • *nom-ó-s
    • Proto-Hellenic: *nomós
      • Ancient Greek: νομός (nomós, “pasture, habitation, province”)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *námas
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *námas
        • Sanskrit: नम (náma, “pasture-ground”)
  • *ném-tis ~ *nm̥-téys
    • Proto-Germanic: *numþiz (see there for further descendants)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Albanian:
    • >? Proto-Celtic: *neman (< *nem-mn̥ with degemination}}
    • Proto-Celtic: *nemetom (see there for further descendants)
    • >? Proto-Celtic: *nantos (<? *nm̥-tos) (see there for further descendants)
    • Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: Νέμεσις (Némesis, “Nemesis, goddess of retribution”)

Etymology 2

From Etymology 1, with semantic shift "to distribute" > "to worship, sacrifice" > "to bend".[1]

Root

*nem-[4][5][6]

  1. to bend
Derived terms
  • *ném-e-ti (thematic root present)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *námati (“to bow”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *nḗm-s-t ~ *ném-s-n̥t (s-aorist)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  • *ne-nóm-e ~ *ne-nm-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  • *nom-éye-ti (éye-causative)
  • *ném-os ~ *ném-es-os (see there for further descendants)
Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian:

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “nemus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 405
  2. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “763”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 763
  3. ^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) “1.*nem- → *nemh₁-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎
  4. ^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 273
  5. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “764”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 764
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 453-4
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