Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pléh₁dʰh₁eti

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *pleh₁- (“to fill”) +‎ *-dʰh₁eti (resultative verbal suffix).

Verb

*pléh₁dʰh₁eti (imperfective)^[1]

to become full, swell
to increase, further

Inflection

Imperfective, thematic
3rd singular	*pléh₁dʰh₁eti
3rd plural	*pléh₁dʰh₁onti
Active voice	Present indicative	Past indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*pléh₁dʰh₁oh₂	*pléh₁dʰh₁om	—	*pléh₁dʰh₁ōh₂	*pléh₁dʰh₁oyh₁m̥
2nd singular	*pléh₁dʰh₁esi	*pléh₁dʰh₁es	*pléh₁dʰh₁e	*pléh₁dʰh₁ēsi	*pléh₁dʰh₁oys
3rd singular	*pléh₁dʰh₁eti	*pléh₁dʰh₁et	*pléh₁dʰh₁etu	*pléh₁dʰh₁ēti	*pléh₁dʰh₁oyt
1st dual	*pléh₁dʰh₁owos	*pléh₁dʰh₁owe	—	*pléh₁dʰh₁ōwos	*pléh₁dʰh₁oywe
2nd dual	*pléh₁dʰh₁etes	*pléh₁dʰh₁etom	*pléh₁dʰh₁etom	*pléh₁dʰh₁ētes	*pléh₁dʰh₁oytom
3rd dual	*pléh₁dʰh₁etes	*pléh₁dʰh₁etām	*pléh₁dʰh₁etām	*pléh₁dʰh₁ētes	*pléh₁dʰh₁oytām
1st plural	*pléh₁dʰh₁omos	*pléh₁dʰh₁ome	—	*pléh₁dʰh₁ōmos	*pléh₁dʰh₁oyme
2nd plural	*pléh₁dʰh₁ete	*pléh₁dʰh₁ete	*pléh₁dʰh₁ete	*pléh₁dʰh₁ēte	*pléh₁dʰh₁oyte
3rd plural	*pléh₁dʰh₁onti	*pléh₁dʰh₁ont	*pléh₁dʰh₁ontu	*pléh₁dʰh₁ōnti	*pléh₁dʰh₁oyh₁n̥t

Participle	*pléh₁dʰh₁onts
Middle voice	Present indicative	Past indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*pléh₁dʰh₁oh₂er	*pléh₁dʰh₁oh₂e	—	*pléh₁dʰh₁ōh₂er	*pléh₁dʰh₁oyh₂e
2nd singular	*pléh₁dʰh₁eth₂er	*pléh₁dʰh₁eth₂e	*pléh₁dʰh₁eso	*pléh₁dʰh₁ēth₂er	*pléh₁dʰh₁oyth₂e
3rd singular	*pléh₁dʰh₁etor	*pléh₁dʰh₁eto	*?	*pléh₁dʰh₁ētor	pléh₁dʰh₁oyto, pléh₁dʰh₁oyh₁o
1st dual	*pléh₁dʰh₁owosdʰh₂	*pléh₁dʰh₁owedʰh₂	—	*pléh₁dʰh₁ōwosdʰh₂	*pléh₁dʰh₁oywedʰh₂
2nd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
3rd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
1st plural	*pléh₁dʰh₁omosdʰh₂	*pléh₁dʰh₁omedʰh₂	—	*pléh₁dʰh₁ōmosdʰh₂	*pléh₁dʰh₁oymedʰh₂
2nd plural	*pléh₁dʰh₁edʰh₂we	*pléh₁dʰh₁edʰh₂we	*pléh₁dʰh₁edʰh₂we	*pléh₁dʰh₁ēdʰh₂we	*pléh₁dʰh₁oydʰh₂we
3rd plural	pléh₁dʰh₁oror, pléh₁dʰh₁ontor	pléh₁dʰh₁oro, pléh₁dʰh₁onto	*?	pléh₁dʰh₁ōror, pléh₁dʰh₁ōntor	pléh₁dʰh₁oyro, pléh₁dʰh₁oyh₁n̥to

Participle	*pléh₁dʰh₁omnos

Derived terms

*pléh₁dʰh₁-uh₁-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *plētʰū́s
  - Ancient Greek: πληθῡ́ς (plēthū́s, “crowd”)
- Proto-Italic: *plēðūs (“plebeian”)
  - Old Latin: plēbēs
    - Latin: plēbs
  - ⇒ Proto-Italic: *plēðros
    - Oscan: 𐌐𐌋𐌝𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌊𐌔 (plífriks)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *práHdʰHati
- Proto-Iranian: *fráHdHati (“to increase”)^[2]
  - Old Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬛𐬀𐬝 (frādat̰, “to further”, prs.subj.)
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬜𐬀𐬙𐬌 (frāδati, “to further”)
  - Khwarezmian: (šʾzy-, “to increase”)
  - Proto-Iranian: *wifráHdHati (“furthered, promote”)
    - Parthian:
      Manichaean script: (wyfr’ynd, 3pl.pres.act.)
    - Middle Persian:
      Manichaean script: (wyprʾyd)
Proto-Hellenic: *plḗtʰō
- Ancient Greek: πλήθω (plḗthō, “to become full, swell”)

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*pleh₁-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 482-483
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*fraHd”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 86

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*pleh₁-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 482-483

[2] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*fraHd”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 86

[1]

[2]

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pléh₁dʰh₁eti

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